The analysis of airborne laser scanner data to extract surface features is of great interest in photogrammetric research. Especially for applications based on airborne measurements, where the intensity is crucial (e.g. for segmentation, classification or visualization purposes), a normalization considering the beam divergence, the incidence angle and the atmospheric attenuation is required. Our...

Studies on the evolutionary history of ascomycetes in terms of time scale will help to understand historical patterns that shape their biodiversity. Until now most of dating studies of ascomycetes have focused on major events in fungal evolution but not on divergence events within smaller groups of fungi e.g. within Sordariomycetes. We used molecular dating to estimate the time of separation of...

Gravitational lensing in the weak field limit, quasinormal spectra, and gray-body factors are investigated Reissner-Nordstr\"om spacetime corrected by bounce parameters. Using Gauss-Bonnet theorem, we analyze effects of corrections to gravitational deflection angle find that divergence can be suppressed a correction spacetime. We also notice plays same role as Morse potential angle. Moreover, d...

Free space optical communication system (FSO) is a potential solution for increasing bandwidth demands. The FSO has a capability to provide high speed data communication, economic and quick deployable. With recent advances and interest in Free Space Optics (FSO) for commercial deployments, a proper understanding of optical signal propagation in different atmospheric conditions has become essent...

A Mobile Station (MS)-controlled fast and simple scheme of handover (HO) in Mobile WiMAX network has been described. An MS can roughly estimate its present distance from any neighbouring Base Stations (BS) using the Received Signal Strength (RSS) and an appropriate pathloss formula. From the Mobile Neighbor Advertisement (MOB_NBR-ADV) broadcasts, the MS periodically monitors the RSS of its Serv...

We report the generation of a 6 pC, 23 MeV electron bunch with the energy spread ± 3.5% by using 2 TW, 80 fs high contrast laser pulses interacting with helium gas targets. Within the optimized experimental condition, we obtained quasi-monoenergetic electron beam with an ultra-small normalized divergence angle of 92 mrad, which is at least 5 times smaller than the previous LPA-produced bunches....

One of the objectives of precision agriculture is rapid location of fields information to reduce the investment and improve the environment. Based on near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral images, this paper outlines an approach using hyperspectral imaging technology, combining spectral analysis methods and supervised classification methods for the extraction and analysis of farmland objects. This p...

We demonstrate a fabrication procedure for the direct integration of micro-ball lenses on planar integrated optical channel waveguide chips with the aim to reduce the divergence of light that arises from the waveguide in both horizontal and vertical directions. Fabrication of the lenses is based on photoresist reflow which is a procedure that allows for the use of photolithography for careful a...

PURPOSE Divergence excess intermittent exotropia is thought to comprise 2 types of deviation, simulated and true. It is believed that simulated divergence excess is akin to a basic deviation but is controlled at near through accommodative and adaptive fusional vergences. While fixation target detail is known to influence accommodation and subsequently deviation size, no previous study has inves...

Light emitted from single-mode semiconductor lasers generally has large divergence angles, and high numerical aperture lenses are required for beam collimation. Visible and near infrared lasers are collimated using aspheric glass or plastic lenses, yet collimation of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers typically requires more costly aspheric lenses made of germanium, chalcogenide compounds, or ...