Let S0 = 0, {Sn}n≥1 be a random walk generated by a sequence of i.i.d. random variables X1,X2, ... and let τ− := min {n ≥ 1 : Sn ≤ 0} and τ := min {n ≥ 1 : Sn > 0}. Assuming that the distribution of X1 belongs to the domain of attraction of an α-stable law, α 6= 1, we study the asymptotic behavior of P(τ± = n) as n → ∞.

A denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) assay was developed to rapidly discriminate species of avian Eimeria. Amplification by PCR of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (approximately 1,600 nucleotides) with Eimeria genus-specific primers followed by cloning and sequencing allowed us to carry out phylogenetic analyses and identify clone sequences to species level in most cases. Clone...

To detect the genome of viruses (in environmental and clinical samples), we use electrophoresis running buffer after PCR reaction. Also, buffers were used widely to separate any DNA molecule. In this paper, four types previously known compare which is easy for preparation, simple in structure, low cost good performance agarose gel electrophoresis. For this, two concentration (1%, 2%) ladder (10...

Objective: The study objectives were to identify factors affecting extension ladders' angular positioning and evaluate the effectiveness of two anthropometric positioning methods. Background: A leading cause for extension ladder fall incidents is a slide-out event, usually related to suboptimal ladder inclination. An improved ladder positioning method or procedure could reduce the risk of ladde...

Demecolcine (Colcemid), an inhibitor of spindle fiber formation in M phase, induced apoptosis in V79 cells. At a concentration of 0.01 microgram/ml demecolcine, V79 cells proliferated exponentially as well as controls, although temporal M phase accumulation occurred 6 h after the addition of demecolcine. At 0.1 microgram/ml, the cells became hyperploid after remaining in the M phase for some ti...

We describe a novel pharmacological activity of the gentian root, an ingredient of Chinese medicines. Root extract from Gentiana triflora triggered cell death of human Daudi cells in culture. In addition, daily administration of the extract to mice inhibited growth of implanted solid tumors. Extract treatment of cultured cells resulted in the appearance of shranken, fragmented, or condensed cel...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induced morphologic changes such as chromatin condensation and cell shrinkage in a feline fibroblastic cell line (CRFK) chronically infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) but not in uninfected CRFK cells. DNA extracted from TNF-alpha-treated CRFK cells infected with FIV showed a ladder of nucleosomal DNA, indicating that this cytocidal effect b...

background: positive attitude leads to a more successfully implementation of a change. we investigated the effect of attitudes of stakeholders toward a program on their prioritization of the program components for selecting the key question of a theory-driven evaluation with concept mapping method. materials and methods: during a brainstorming session, stated statements defined the program comp...

BACKGROUND Modes of cell death have been defined morphologically as apoptosis and oncosis. Infarcted myocytes have been reported to show apoptosis, as revealed by DNA fragmentation by DNA ladder and by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) at the light microscopic level. We investigated whether TUNEL-positive infarcted myocytes have apoptotic or o...

Fig. S1 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in HepG2 Cells A) top, schematic depiction of CRISPR-targeted CpG island sequence. CRISPR guide sequences (gRNA-1 and gRNA-2) are highlighted in grey, and proto-spacer adjacent motif (PAM)s are underlined. A) bottom, the target region was eliminated in nonhomologous end joining DNA repair. Primer pairs used to determine the target deletion are indicat...