objectives the cause of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) as a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease is still unknown. it appears that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in its pathogenesis. recent studies reveal that in addition to the cns, immune cells synthesis neurotransmitters so that these catecholamines can regulate immune functions. the aim of this study is to evaluate the dop...

Drugs of abuse, such as psychostimulants and opiates, are generally considered as exerting their locomotor and rewarding effects through an increased dopaminergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens. Noradrenergic transmission may also be implicated because most psychostimulants increase norepinephrine (NE) release, and numerous studies have indicated interactions between noradrenergic and do...

Introduction Adolescents with emotional dysregulation are at risk for self-injury. Antipsychotics often used to manage these symptoms. Objectives The aim of the present case is show use cariprazine as an effective drug and impulsivity in a 17-year-old adolescent girl Methods Case report Results patient was female admitted psychiatric unit self-harm attempt due sertraline overdose. She being fol...

objectives the cause of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) as a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease is still unknown. it appears that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in its pathogenesis. recent studies reveal that in addition to the cns, immune cells synthesis neurotransmitters so that these catecholamines can regulate immune functions. the aim of this study is to evaluate the dop...

BACKGROUND The hypothesis that cortical dopaminergic alterations underlie aspects of schizophrenia has been highly influential. AIMS To bring together and evaluate the imaging evidence for dopaminergic alterations in cortical and other extrastriatal regions in schizophrenia. METHOD Electronic databases were searched for in vivo molecular studies of extrastriatal dopaminergic function in sch...

Case. We report a case of catatonia with elevated CK, elevated temperature, and hypoferritinemia after abrupt discontinuation of clozapine in a patient with known proneness to catatonic symptoms. Reinstatement of clozapine therapy was contraindicated due to leukopenia. Neuroleptic malign syndrome could not be ruled out by the administration of quetiapine; this prevented the quick use of other p...

BACKGROUND The atypical antipsychotic drug aripiprazole binds with high affinity to a number of G protein coupled receptors, including dopamine D₂ receptors, where its degree of efficacy as a partial agonist remains controversial. METHODS We examined the properties of aripiprazole at D₂-like autoreceptors by monitoring the changes of dopamine synthesis in adult rat brain striatal minces incub...

Violation and discoordination of mental processes leads to changes in the ratio main neurotransmitters content further disorders. A significant role such is played by neuropeptides, particular anti-anxiety ones, which include cholecystokinin (CCK) its receptors. It has been established that stimulation CCK receptors modulates mesolimbic system reward, anxiety satiety. CCK-1 (the intestine) CCK-...

Acetylcholine serves an important modulatory role in the central nervous system. Pharmacological evidence has suggested that cholinergic activity can modulate central dopaminergic transmission; however, the nature of this interaction and the receptors involved remain undefined. In this study we have generated mice lacking the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and examined the effects of M1 d...

Aripiprazole, a dopamine D(2) receptor partial agonist, is used to treat schizophrenia. Although aripiprazole has been reported to protect non-dopaminergic neurons, its effect on dopaminergic neurons has yet to be investigated. In the present study, we examined whether aripiprazole protected dopaminergic neurons against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in rat mesencephalic cultures. Pretreatment ...