Using a Hamiltonian approach, we quantify the energization threshold of electrons interacting with radiation belts’ double layers discovered by Mozer et al. (2013). We find that double layers with electric field amplitude E0 ranging between 10 and 100 mV/m and spatial scales of the order of few Debye lengths are very efficient in energizing electrons with initial velocities v∥ ≤ vth to 1 keV le...

OBJECTIVE ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels in pancreatic beta-cells are crucial in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. Recently, K(ATP) channel-deficient mice were generated by genetic disruption of Kir6.2, the pore-forming component of K(ATP) channels, but the mice still showed a significant insulin response after oral glucose loading in vivo. Gastric inhibitory polypeptid...

The far-infrared absorption in two-dimensional electron layers subject to magnetic field of general orientation was studied theoretically. The Kubo formula is employed to derive diagonal components of the magneto-conductivity tensor of two-dimensional electron single-layers and double-layers. The parabolic quantum well is used to model a simple single-layer system. Both single-layer and double-...

Double layers (DLs) are nonlinear potential structures in plasmas, consisting of two adjacent layers of positive and negative space charges, in which the potential jumps, thereby creating an electric field. They were intensively investigated in the last decades because of their frequent occurrence in almost all possible devices: tokamaks, spheromaks, thermionic converters, Q-machines, double pl...

The modern incarnation of neural networks, now popularly known as Deep Learning (DL), accomplished record-breaking success in processing diverse kinds of signals vision, audio, and text. In parallel, strong interest has ensued towards constructing a theory of DL. This paper opens up a group theory based approach, towards a theoretical understanding of DL, in particular the unsupervised variant....

 ABSTRACTBackgrounds: MD-55-2 is one of the Radiochromic film models with the sensitivity suitable for dose measurements ranging from 5 to 100 Gy.  However, this lower limit makes the film impractical for its applications in many areas such as brachytherapy source dosimetry.Materials and methods: In this project, the useful range of the film has been extended by using a multilayer film techniqu...

Graphite is a ubiquitous electrode material with particular promise for use in e.g., energy storage and desalination devices, but very little known about the properties of graphite-electrolyte double layer at technologically relevant concentrations. Here, (electrified) graphite-NaCl(aq) interface was examined using constant chemical potential molecular dynamics simulations; this approach avoids...

We study the response of a model microelectrochemical cell to a large ac voltage of frequency comparable to the inverse cell relaxation time. To bring out the basic physics, we consider the simplest possible model of a symmetric binary electrolyte confined between parallel-plate blocking electrodes, ignoring any transverse instability or fluid flow. We analyze the resulting one-dimensional prob...

dl-2-(7,11-Dimethyl-3,7,11 - trans,trans-dodecatrienyl)-3-methyl-cyclopent-2-enol was prepared by reduction of the corresponding ketone. This tetraenol, on treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, underwent stereoselective cyclization to give dl-3,17-dimethyl-A-nor-D-homoestra-3,16-diene. This tetracyclic material was readily converted, by oxidative cleavage to the bicyclic triketo aldehyde followe...