Over the past 30 years, a great deal of research has investigated the potential usefulness of early warning models as offsite supervisory tools. Accurate offsite models allow bank supervisors to identify high-risk banks at a reasonable length of time prior to marked deterioration in their financial condition, without the use of expensive, time-consuming on-site examinations. This allows scarce ...

This paper provides a novel perspective on the predictive ability of credit rating announcements over stock market returns and volatility using methodology that formally distinguishes between different states can be characterized as bull, bear normal conditions. Using data published by three well-established agencies BRICS PIIGS markets, we show markets react heterogeneously, in quantile-specif...

I examine whether banks manage syndicated loan originations to achieve financial reporting goals. Using a large sample of loans and relying on within-quarter analysis, find that publicly traded narrowly beat earnings benchmarks initiate more in the last month fiscal quarter book origination fees. Relative otherwise similar loans, these are associated with front-end fees 4.2% higher but have cre...

Using monthly and multi-day return windows, research shows that credit rating downgrades often reveal new information lead to significant stock price reactions but upgrades do not. intraday data, we revisit these findings extend them by examining the possibility of informed trading ahead announcement changes. Credit agencies delay public announcements changes provide issuers with time review re...

Multi-Channel Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks are special MitM capable of manipulating encrypted wireless frames between two legitimate endpoints. Since its inception in 2014, attackers have been targeting Wi-Fi networks to perform different attacks, such as cipher downgrades, denial service, key reinstallation (KRACK) 2017, and recently FragAttacks 2021, which widely impacted millions devices...

Abstract Type of lubricant used for fluid film bearings is one the most important factors to consider. Bearing characteristics have maintain steady throughout a wide range conditions. However, viscosity, which primary properties, highly deviates depending on environmental and operational Macro-molecular micro-structure lubricants strongly correlated temperature shear rate, leading thinning beha...

Purpose:  The paper aims to focus on South Africa’s poor economic performance and the regular downgrades of the country’s economic and financial rating by international rating agencies. It attempts to show that these continuous downgrades are a recipe for economic and financial disaster in the long – run; that the continuance of this phenomenon will stymie the implementation of the National Dev...

Purpose: The study analyses the effects of sovereign credit ratings on financial development in South Africa. This became important considering that country has been receiving negative late.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: Quarterly data for period 1994-2017 was analysed using Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration model and its associated statistics. Error Correction Model (EC...

Broiler farming creates wealth for farmers, but the system faces myriad constraints. The objectives of this study were to determine farmer’s willingness adopt welfare practices, farm biosecurity risks and cost production from selected farms in Kenya. Primary data collected using questionnaires 60 medium-scale large-scale farms, secondary on product condemnation downgrades a broiler meat p...