A forced convection gas-fired oven has been designed which will sterilize a very heavy load of syringes and instruments and containers. It is superior to a gas-fired, infrared, radiant-heated oven which was designed for sterilizing syringes.

Geothermal energy resources such as geopressured geothermal brine (GGB) reservoirs and hot saline aquifers (HSA) can be potential clean energy resources provided the heat extraction from the subsurface is done in an economic and environmental friendly manner. In the proposed study, we are simulating the heat transfer processes around a downhole heat exchanger placed in a long lateral wellbore i...

Starch-based plastics are biodegradable, compostable compounds made of starch and plasticizers from natural sources. Their fabrication involves the starch-plasticizer reaction at 70–100°C followed by cooling drying. Th e most common drying method is air (natural convection), which effective but slow. objective this work to study effect fast (forced convection) on quality plastic film. compares ...

On the basis of Kedem-Katchalsky's equations in classical and modified versions, the model equations of volume and solute fluxes were presented. In this model the osmotic volume flux is a sum of: simple osmotic, osmotic connected with natural convection and osmotic connected with forced convection fluxes. The solute flux is a sum of: simple diffusion, diffusion connected with natural convection...

In the present study, conjugate heat transfer predictions are performed for forced convection and natural convection in a twodimensional, vertical channel attached with surface mounted obstacles and having a solid wall of considerable thickness. The Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) Finite Element (FE) method with Cartesian frame work is used for solving the equations governing Newtonian...

The early study of convective heat transfer considered the branches of forced and free convection independently with only passing reference to their possible interaction. In fact the two are extreme cases of the general condition of "mixed" or "combined" forced and free convection where both mechanisms operate simultaneously. The present contribution aims to provide an up-to-date review of thos...

Utilizing the Boussinesq approximation, a double-population incompressible thermal lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for forced and natural convection in two and three space dimensions is developed and validated. A block-structured dynamic adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) procedure tailored for the LBM is applied to enable computationally efficient simulations of moderate to high Rayleigh number flo...

the paper numerically presents laminar forced convection of a nanofluid flowing in a duct at microscale. results were compared with both analytical and experimental data and observed good concordance with previous studies available in the literature. influences of brinkman and reynolds number on thermal and hydrodynamic indexes have been investigated. for a given nanofluid, no change in efficie...