In this work we demonstrate from first principles that the shear frictions describing dissipative forces in the direction normal to the vector connecting the coarse-grained (CG) particles in dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) could be dominant for certain real molecular liquids at high-resolution coarse-graining. This is in contrast to previous works on bottom-up DPD modeling and indicates tha...

Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate β cell mass and proliferation is important for the treatment of diabetes. Here, we identified domperidone (DPD), a dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) antagonist that enhances β cell mass. Over time, islet β cell loss occurs in dissociation cultures, and this was inhibited by DPD. DPD increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of β cells through...

5-FU is one of the most commonly prescribed anticancer agents having notable activity in the treatment of cancers arising from the breast, gastrointestinal tract, and head and neck. The metabolism, mechanisms of action and resistance, and pharmacokinetics of 5-FU have been extensively investigated since its synthesis over 4 decades ago. Despite a longstanding knowledge of the metabolic pathways...

BACKGROUND Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are essential enzymes for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism. In patients with advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC), retrospective studies have shown that low expression levels of TS and DPD correlated with response to 5-FU. We performed a prospective study in which the choice of first-line chemotherapy with either 5-FU o...

The activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in peripheral blood mononudear cells and plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) were simultaneously determined in cancer patients receiving FUra by protracted continuous infusion (300 mg/m!/day). Blood samples were drawn every 3 h over 24-h period and the resulting DPD and FUra values analyzed for circadian periodicity. In the seven p...

Although 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an important drug for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, no useful biomarker is currently available to predict treatment response. Since 5-FU is converted into active or inactive forms by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) or dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), a correlation between these enzymes and response to 5-FU has been suggested. However, such a...

Depression is common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), which can make all the other symptoms of PD much worse. It is thus urgent to differentiate depressed PD (DPD) patients from non-depressed PD (NDPD).The purpose of the present study was to characterize alterations in directional brain connectivity unique to Parkinson's disease with depression, using resting state functional magnetic...

The molecule (S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD) is produced by many different species of bacteria and is the precursor of the signal molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2). AI-2 mediates interspecies communication and facilitates regulation of bacterial behaviors such as biofilm formation and virulence. A variety of bacterial species have the ability to sequester and process the AI-2 present in th...

In this article we show in detail the derivation of an integration scheme for the dissipative particle dynamic model (DPD) using the stochastic Trotter formula [1]. We explain some subtleties due to the stochastic character of the equations and exploit analyticity in some interesting parts of the dynamics. The DPD-Trotter integrator demonstrates the inexistence of spurious spatial correlations ...

Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is now a well-established method for simulating soft matter systems. However, its applicability was recently questioned because some investigations showed an upper coarse-graining limit that would prevent the applicability of the method to the whole mesoscopic range. This article aims to reestablish DPD as a truly mesoscopic method by analyzing the problems r...