The teaching of writing has recently begun to move away from a concentration on the written product to an emphasis on the process of writing. Feedback is a fundamental element of the process approach to writing. It can be defined as input from a reader to a writer with the effect of providing information to the writer for a revision. This study reports on the effectiveness of two types of feedb...

One of the principles of Design by Contract is that contracts for software components must be written in a declarative way, using a formal, mathematically founded notation. When we apply the Design by Contract methodology in a naive and straightforward way, we risk ending up with unwanted duplication. In this paper, we describe a methodology for writing class contracts that avoids specification...

The learning process of academic writing is already difficult for many students. online environment can either hinder or facilitate writing. seen as cyclical. In the context this study, writer starts with planning stage. Once done, translates ideas into written form in a draft. then reviews If unhappy draft, he/she makes plans to repair, and resumes circle. This quantitative research done inves...

The behavior of animals is intricately linked to the environment; a Background: relationship that is often studied in laboratory conditions by using environmental perturbations to study biological mechanisms underlying the behavioral change. This study pertains to two such well-studied and well-replicated Methods: perturbations, i.e., stress-induced anxiogenesis and Toxoplasma-induced loss of i...

The behavior of animals is intricately linked to the environment; a Background: relationship that is often studied in laboratory conditions by using environmental perturbations to study biological mechanisms underlying the behavioral change. This study pertains to two such well-studied and well-replicated Methods: perturbations, i.e., stress-induced anxiogenesis and Toxoplasma-induced loss of i...

The aim of this narrative review is to describe treatment options for the posterior regions of the mandible and the maxilla, comparing short implants vs. longer implants in an augmented bone. The dental literature was screened for treatment options enabling the placement of dental implants in posterior sites with a reduced vertical bone height in the maxilla and the mandible. Short dental impla...

ABSTRACTThis article explored students' interests and challenges in writing fiction EFL creative classes. The study used a qualitative approach involving 43 college students studying as the subjects of study. Research instruments for this were questionnaires interviews, first which asked what genres they interested in, second confirmed their motivations genre fiction. Data from analysed using p...

ABSTRACTThis study investigates how Indonesian undergraduate EFL students construct argumentative essays through critical discussion using Declarative speech acts and pragmatic approaches. This employed a qualitative research method. The data consist of authored by majoring in English at private university Indonesia (N=34). Students worked pairs to discuss controversial topic, separated into pr...