CI [1]'s work on Access to Knowledge (A2K [2]) is predicated upon the fact that intellectual property rights (IPRs) are a consumer issue, not just an issue for business. For example, the expansion of the scope and enforcement of intellectual property rights at the behest of rights holders impacts on consumers by inhibiting the sharing and development of culture, by denying consumers the freedom...

There are many indices for measuring property rights (PR) security. They may be classified into two groups: subjective proxies and objective proxies. Most of the proxies are subjective. One contribution of this paper is introducing a new approach for measuring government expenditures devoted to PR protection. Calculating physical capital within the introduced new approach is another contributio...

CI [1]'s work on Access to Knowledge (A2K [2]) is predicated upon the fact that intellectual property rights (IPRs) are a consumer issue, not just an issue for business. For example, the expansion of the scope and enforcement of intellectual property rights at the behest of rights holders impacts on consumers by inhibiting the sharing and development of culture, by denying consumers the freedom...

the purpose of this study has been to study eterminants of growth, labor productivity and poverty in rural areas of iran. the contribution of agriculture and rural development to pro-poor growth.stem from many sources: it plays an important, and often a lead, role in the early stages of pro-poor growth. beyond its direct contribution to growth, a number of features specific to the sector enhanc...

1042 Private property, including intellectual property, is essential to our way of life. It provides an incentive for investment and innovation; it stimulates the flourishing of our culture; it protects the moral entitlements of people to the fruits of their labors. But reducing too much to private property can be bad medicine. Private land, for instance, is far more useful if separated from ot...

O!-line signature recognition and veri"cation is an important part of many business processes. It can be used in many applications such as cheques, certi"cates, contracts and historical documents. In this paper, a system of two separate phases for signature recognition and veri"cation is developed. A recognition technique is developed based on a multistage classi"er and a combination of global ...

Many economists, notably Austrian economists, have argued that the market process is essentially an experimental process. We briefly try to clarify this conceptualization, and then argue that we may understand the firm in much the same light. A basic view of the firm as an experimental entity is derived, drawing on property rights insights.

A novel approach is proposed for the extraction of legal and courtesy amounts and date from cheque images based on the structural description of cheques. A method for the representation of cheques is presented. Several image processing techniques and algorithms have been developed in this approach. Experimental results show that the approach is effective and the proposed techniques and algorith...