Antimicrobial preservatives are excipients added to multi-dose containers of both sterile and non-sterile drug products. Antimicrobial preservatives are used primarily to inhibit growth of microbial contamination occurring during the period of use. Demonstration of antimicrobial preservative effectiveness is required for these functional excipients. This article reviews key factors for consider...

The compounding of medications is a fundamental part of pharmacy practice. All compounding personnel, mainly pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, are responsible for compounding and dispensing sterile products and preparations of correct ingredient identity, purity (freedom from physical contaminants, such as precipitates, and chemical contaminants), strength (including stability and compatibi...

Deansrath Health Centre is based in an urban setting and has a mixed social environment. The area is partly considered ‘disadvantaged’ and many compounding problems abound such as drug and alcohol dependency, poverty, and broken relationships. The advantage however, is that there are more local supports in the area such as the ‘early start’ programme for pre school children and crèches are more...

PURPOSE Outbreaks of health-care-associated infections related to compounding pharmacies from 2000 through 2012 are described. METHODS PubMed and the websites for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Food and Drug Administration were searched to identify infectious outbreaks associated with compounding pharmacies outside the hospital setting between January 2000 and November...

This paper proposes statistical analysis methods for improvement of terminology entry compounding. Terminology entry compounding is a mechanism that identifies matching entries across multiple multilingual terminology collections. Bilingual or trilingual term entries are unified in compounded multilingual entry. We suggest that corpus analysis can improve entry compounding results by analysing ...

BACKGROUND Mitomycin C (MMC) is an antitumor agent that is often administered intravesically to treat bladder cancer. Pharmacologically optimized studies have suggested varying methods to optimize delivery, with drug concentration and solution volume being the main drivers. However, these MMC concentrations (e.g. 2.0 mg/mL) supersede its solubility threshold, raising major concerns of inferior ...

• 2 6 7 H O S P I TA L P H A R M AC I S T Pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO), a base in which drugs can be incorporated, is currently generating great interest in the US as a topical and transdermal drug delivery vehicle. Compounding pharmacists are advertising the vehicle, as well as their compounding services, and a large number of drugs have already been incorporated within PLO for human and ...

Compounding continues to play a key role in the treatment of skin conditions, despite the abundance of products made by the pharmaceutical industry. Right from the earliest days of dermatology, compounding proved very useful in the treatment of diseases for which no specific drugs were available. However, as new products came onto the market, this usefulness was called into question, and doubts...

Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) (used for intestinal protection) was added to formulate the Tongshu suppository to improve the pharmacokinetics of Aceclofenac, which were assessed in New Zealand rabbits using an orthogonal experimental design. The single-agent Aceclofenac was taken as the control formulation. The concentration-time and drug release curves were drawn, and T max (min), C max (μg·...

Pharmacists use various sources for obtaining the active pharmaceutical ingredient for compounding medications. In many cases, it is the pure drug (United States Pharmacopeia, National Formulary, or similar grade); in some cases, it can be a commercial dosage form; and, in some cases, it may be a dilution or concentrate. If the drug is not present at full strength, then adjustments may be neces...