this study took an epidemiological approach toward the problem of drug addiction in tehran. the subjects were 300 addicts chosen on the basis of stratified random selection out of the population of 3627 prisoners who were all proven addicts and sentenced to imprisonment by the court in the year 1370. a descriptive survey showed that drug addiction generally, and heroin addiction specifically, i...

The effects of drug dependence on social systems has helped shape the generally held view that drug dependence is primarily a social problem, not a health problem. In turn, medical approaches to prevention and treatment are lacking. We examined evidence that drug (including alcohol) dependence is a chronic medical illness. A literature review compared the diagnoses, heritability, etiology (gene...

BACKGROUND Perception of neighborhood social environment can influence an individual's susceptibility to drug dependence. However, this has never been examined with a jailed sample, where frequent transitions between local jails and disadvantaged neighborhoods are common. Understanding these associations could aid in the design of targeted programs to decrease drug dependence and recidivism amo...

objectives: the present study explored the relationship between severity of psychiatric disorders and degree of opium dependence as a negative prognosis in treatment of drug addicts. method: this study is a descriptive-cross sectional, the subjects were 240 (232 men and 8 women) randomly selected from among opium addicts seeking treatment. the instruments were an mmpi test and a psychiatric int...

nucleus accumbens (nac) has been considered as a center for the induction of drug dependence. since a high concentration of the enzyme, nitric oxide synthase (nos) has been found in the nac, and this fact that the role of nitric oxide (no) in acquisition and expression of drug dependence has become clear in recent years, therefore in this study the effects of intraaccumbal injections of l-argin...