Peer review is the "gold standard" for evaluating journal and conference papers, research proposals, on-going projects and university departments. However, it is widely believed that current systems are expensive, conservative and prone to various forms of bias. One form of bias identified in the literature is “social bias” linked to the personal attributes of authors and reviewers. To quantify...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether for patients with incurable cancer comprehensive home care programmes are more effective than standard care in maintaining the patients' quality of life and reducing their "readmission time" (percentage of days spent in hospital from start of care till death). DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS A computer aided search was conducted using the databases of Medl...

rational prescribing increases the quality of health care and patient outcomes. in this study, the quality of drug prescription in specialist physicians in isfahan province of iran was assessed for evaluating the rational use of drugs and improving the therapeutic outcomes.this retrospective survey was conducted on a total of 7999530 prescriptions from all general and specialist physicians. the...

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OBJECTIVE To systematically review all primary care intervention studies designed to implement medication reconciliation for effects on medication discrepancies, clinical outcomes, and patient knowledge of their medications. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE (1988-March 2008); Healthstar (1966-March 2008); CINAHL (1982-March 2008); EMBASE (1980-March 2008); Cochrane Database of Systematic Revi...

For the last 10 years, I’ve been on both sides of utilization review (UR). As a practicing physician, I know what it’s like to get “those calls.” As a part-time utilization reviewer, I’m usually satisfied with the interactions I have with physicians and the information I get from them. When a telephone review seems unsatisfactory, it’s often because I feel I’m speaking a different language than...

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-specific inhibitors were developed to circumvent the gastrointestinal toxicity of non-specific non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs while maintaining efficacy. However, the higher acquisition cost of COX-2-specific inhibitors has resulted in the implementation of a programme for cost containment in the Ontario public drug program. This programme consists of limited use (...

OBJECTIVES The drug utilization review (DUR) system, which checks any conflict event of medications, contributes to improve patient safety. One of the important barriers in its adoption is doctors' resistance. This study aimed to analyze the impacts of doctors' resistance on the success of the DUR system. METHODS This study adopted an augmented the DeLone and McLean Information System (D&M IS...

and of Theorem 7.2 on p. 206) Lang requires essentially the same result about finitely generated abelian groups. Every time he gives a proof at (unusual) length. At the first occurrence he attributes it to me, but it is a commonplace I probably learnt from Mordell. The original Diophantine geometry expected the reader to have at his fingertips that part of algebraic geometry, in the formulation...