OBJECTIVE To determine whether children with pallid breath-holding spells associated with bradycardia can be treated safely and successfully with permanent pacemaker implantation. METHODS The records of pediatric patients who had apparent breath-holding spells and associated bradycardia and were treated with permanent pacemaker implantation were reviewed. RESULTS Ten pediatric patients with...

We show that the distinction between job spells and employer spells matters for returns to tenure. Employer spells encompass between-job wage movements linked to promotions or demotions while job spells don't. Using a 1% sample of the British workforce over the period 1975-2010, we find that a significant proportion of the return to employer tenure arises due to job changes within employer spel...

BALASUBRAMANIAN, G., UDAYASOORIAN, C. & PRABU, P. C. 2007. Effects of short-term exposure of simulated acid rain on the growth of Acacia nilotica. The response and measurable effects of simulated acid rain at different pH levels of 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5 and 7.0 on Acacia nilotica seedlings grown on black and red soils were investigated for six months. A set of 10 potted seedlings in each treatment...

BACKGROUND Cold spells and heatwaves increase mortality. However little is known about the effect of heatwaves or cold spells on cardiovascular morbidity. This study aims to assess the effect of cold spells and heatwaves on cardiovascular diseases in a Mediterranean region (Catalonia, Southern Europe). METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective study. Data were obtained from the Sy...

The main objective of this study is to explore seasonal impacts the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on tropospheric circulations affecting Ethiopia during Belg (March–May) rains and associated variability in precipitation. data used daily rainfall, Madden-Julian indices, Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) zonal meridional wind data. methods for Correlation composite analyses are establish associ...

The study of the maximum number consecutive dry days (MCDDs) is one approach to analyze precipitation behavior in arid and semi-arid regions Iran. This a first attempt investigate MCDDs their relationship with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) winter months over was carried out using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite data on daily basis at 1° latitude × longitude spatial re...

Considering the persistently growing pressure on finite freshwater and soil resources, it becomes increasingly clear that the challenge of feeding tomorrow’s world population is, to a large extent, about improved water productivity within present land use. Rain-fed agriculture plays a critical role in this respect. Eighty per cent of the agricultural land worldwide is under rain-fed agriculture...

Land–atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) in peatlands exhibits marked seasonal and interannual variability, which subsequently affects the carbon (C) sink strength of catchments across multiple temporal scales. Long-term studies are needed to fully capture the natural variability and therefore identify the key hydrometeorological drivers in the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2. Since...

the variability of temperature and precipitation is regarded as one of the main characteristics of the climate.precipitation and its results, especially results such as droughts, vary on different temporal and spatial scales. thepurpose of this paper is to determine the frequency of the inter-annual variability of the driest month in north-westiran. in order to obtain the best results, we used ...

The effect of resource pulses, such as rainfall events, on soil respiration plays an important role in controlling grassland carbon balance, but how shifts in long-term precipitation regime regulate rain pulse effect on soil respiration is still unclear. We first quantified the influence of rainfall event on soil respiration based on a two-year (2006 and 2009) continuously measured soil respira...