Background: The ”July effect” is a colloquialism asserting an increased rate of errors at the start of the academicyear in teaching hospitals. This retrospective population-based study evaluated for the presence of the July effect inperforming shoulder arthroplasty.Methods: Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 2002 through 2011, a total of 178,590 patients undergoingshoulder arthroplasty a...

This study investigates the wildfire biomass-burning emission levels during strong El Niño–southern oscillation (ENSO) events of 2010–2011 (characterized by a La Niña event) and 2015–2016 Niño over southern African region. Specifically, parameters black carbon (BC), monoxide (CO) sulfur dioxide (SO2) were investigated. Of interest in current was (2015–2016) (2010–2011) main fire seasons Africa,...

Article history: Received 11 September 2010 Received in revised form 29 May 2011 Accepted 1 July 2011 Available online 14 July 2011

Article history: Received 17 November 2009 Received in revised form 14 July 2010 Accepted 31 August 2010

Article history: Received 23 December 2009 Received in revised form 30 June 2010 Accepted 31 July 2010 Available online 8 August 2010 Responsible Editor: I.F. Akyildiz

Article history: Received 5 October 2009 Received in revised form 29 July 2010 Accepted 1 August 2010

Article history: Received 7 July 2009 Received in revised form 30 August 2010 Accepted 1 September 2010

Article history: Received 11 May 2009 Received in revised form 11 June 2010 Accepted 21 July 2010 Available online 13 August 2010

Article history: Received 21 December 2009 Received in revised form 26 July 2010 Accepted 30 August 2010 Available online 6 September 2010 Communicated by R. Wu

Article history: Received 9 October 2011 Received in revised form 14 July 2012 Accepted 20 July 2012 Available online 16 August 2012