Deadly force research typically does not distinguish between shootings by on-duty and off-duty police. This article uses Philadelphia police shooting data from two time periods (1970-1978 and 1987-1992) and a unique quasi-experimental design to examine the comparative effects upon on- and off-duty police shootings of an administrative policy that limited police shooting discretion but that did ...

We study fast data collection in linear duty-cycled wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We first present a benchmark algorithm that can achieve optimality in a general case (i.e., in non-duty-cycled case). Then, based on the insights obtained in the general case, we propose an optimal algorithm and a distributed algorithm for the case when each sensor only works at one slot in a cycle in duty-cycl...

OBJECTIVE To compare the tobacco use profile of recruits with that of military personnel on active duty to determine whether the military environment in some way induces service members to initiate tobacco use. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional survey of United States armed forces active duty and recruit personnel in 1994-95. SUBJECTS 2711 military recruits and 4603 military personnel on a...

BACKGROUND The Ministry of Defence has its own hospital for soldiers requiring admission for mental health problems. AIMS To assess the efficiency of the army psychiatric hospital at restoring patients to full active duty. To assess whether a new military training and rehabilitation unit (MTRU) that emphasises military-skills training, improves outcome. METHOD A 2-year, inception-cohort out...

Portable mobile devices like smartphones and tablets are the enablers for communications in mobile ad hoc networks. In order to optimise their energy usage, one of the most popular techniques is to implement a duty cycling policy, which periodically puts the user device in a energy saving mode (e.g., Bluetooth inquiry scan phase or turning off the WiFi interface) for a certain amount of time. C...

The Tarasoff decisions have enunciated a new duty for psychotherapistsa duty to possible victims of potentially violent patients. This duty apparently complicates, and possibly undermines, the treatment of a class of patients already extraordinarily difficult to treat. Breach of the Tarasoff duty has been held to create a cause of action in only four states. Nevertheless, many psychiatrists els...

The Tarasoff decisions have enunciated a new duty for psychotherapistsa duty to possible victims of potentially violent patients. This duty apparently complicates, and possibly undermines, the treatment of a class of patients already extraordinarily difficult to treat. Breach of the Tarasoff duty has been held to create a cause of action in only four states. Nevertheless, many psychiatrists els...

Introduction The EPA's PART5 model, similar in structure to the MOBILE5a model, calculates g/mi exhaust emissions of PM and SOx from 12 classes of motor vehicles. It also calculates g/mi emissions of road dust and particles from tire wear and brake wear1. The g/mi emission factors of PART5 can be multiplied by estimates of VMT in a particular region to produce a total inventory of mobile-source...