A novel approach for the identification and dating of the fountain pen ink entries on paper has been established by ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC). Twelve black and six red fountain inks have been collected, and their ink entries have been prepared by drawing lines on paper. The chromatographic conditions for separation of their dye components after extraction with...

Natural dyes are obtained from natural sources such as vegetable, animal or mineral matters. These generally used in coloration of textiles, food, cosmetics and drugs. This article attempts to reviews the classification according method application available dye sources, mordant its classification, different mordanting methods, extraction dyeing methods advantages disadvantages have been discus...

water plays a vital and essential role in our ecosystem. this natural resource is becoming scarce, making its availability a major social and economic concern. use of a large variety of synthetic dyes in textile industries has raised an hazardous environmental alert. about 17 - 20% of freshwater pollution is caused by textile effluents. these effluents are recalcitrant to biodegradation and cau...