With hardly any written documentation concerning the creation of Offa’s Dyke or for contemporary communities that it affected, intricacies how Mercian-Welsh frontier was organised during late eighth and early ninth century afterwards can seem entirely unknowable. This article addresses question likely variable character long undoubtedly complex in reference to some location-specific existing ar...

Agricultural Heritage Systems exhibit multiple functions of agricultural production, ecological protection, and invaluable cultures landscapes. The mulberry-dyke fish-pond system is an important heritage. Nanxun District Huzhou, China currently the area with most complete largest mulberry dykes fish ponds in world. In past thirty years, changes labor force distribution consumer demand, producti...

Building upon a fresh interpretation of Wat’s Dyke as component an early medieval hydraulic frontier zone rather than primarily serving symbol power, fixed territorial border or military stop-line (Williams 2021), here, I refine and apply this approach to its longer better-known neighbour: Offa’s Dyke. This linear earthwork’s placement, alignments landscape context are evaluated afresh using si...