Background: In radiation therapy, the peripheral dose is important when anatomical structures with very low dose tolerances are involved. In this study, the two available calculation algorithms of the Varian Eclipse 8.6 treatment planning system(TPS), the anisotropic analytic algorithm (AAA) and pencil-beam convolution (PBC) was used to compare measured and calculated peripheral dose distributi...

natural frequency is one of the parameters that represent useful information about the dynamic behavior of structures. controlling this parameter can decrease the probability of damage under dynamic loading. weight optimization on layout and sizing with frequency constraints is a well known problem because of its highly non-linear behavior. improved ray optimization (iro) algorithm is utilized ...

Performance characteristic of an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) is investigated using a newly developed heuristic approach. Almost all flight phases of any air vehicle can be categorized into trim and maneuvering flights. In this paper, a new envelope called trim-ability envelope, is introduced and sketched within the conventional flight envelope for a small UAV. Optimal maneuverability of the inte...

methods in this study, 16 skilled female gymnasts (mean age of 9.62 ± 1.45 years) were randomly categorized to two general warm-up with no stretching (ns, n=8) and general warm-up plus static stretching (ss, n=8) groups. the warm-up protocol included a 10-minute jogging, and the static stretch (ss) protocol included stretching programs on the different parts of body during four weeks, three tim...

every year, with regard to rapid development of data, grid computing that is a kind of distributed computing system is that it has attracted the attention of most people and considerably taken into account. computing that cannot be done by huge computers can be performed by grid computing. if load balance is used, efficiency will increase in grid. resources have an important and effective role ...

the stability of learning rate in neural network identifiers and controllers is one of the challenging issues which attracts great interest from researchers of neural networks. this paper suggests adaptive gradient descent algorithm with stable learning laws for modified dynamic neural network (mdnn) and studies the stability of this algorithm. also, stable learning algorithm for parameters of ...

Int J Exerc Sci 3(4) : 214-224, 2010. This study examined the effects of single set dynamic and static stretching on vertical jump height and hip and knee range of motion in a sample of college age recreational males. Forty-two healthy, physically active males (aged 18-24) voluntarily participated in this investigation and were randomly assigned to one of three groups (1 set of 20 seconds dynam...

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of different warm-up interventions on jump, sprint and agility performance in collegiate soccer players. Twenty-one healthy male college soccer players (age: 20.14 ± 1.65 years; body height: 179.9 ± 8.34 cm; body mass: 74.4 ± 13.0 kg; % body fat: 9.45 ± 4.8) participated in the study. Subjects underwent four different randomized warm-up pr...