abstract niklas luhmann was one of the prominent thinkers in the realm of sociology and the philosophy of social sciences. his approach was a systems approach. he classified the realm of reality and its entities into four groups that consisted of: machines, organisms, psychic systems, social systems. he belonged to the second wave of systemic thought and focused on the complexity and emergence ...

In this paper, we use the switched linear differential systems framework [8] to model electrical devices with switching dynamics. Modularity, i.e. independent modelling and incremental combination of complex dynamics, is an important feature of this approach, since we can incorporate new dynamic modes to the bank without altering the existing ones. This makes our approach ideal for describing c...

The numerical solution of PDE-constrained optimization problems subject to the non-stationary Navier-Stokes equation is a challenging task. While space-time approaches often show favorable convergence properties they often suffer from storage problems. We here propose to approximate the solution to the optimization problem in a low-rank from, which is similar to the Model Order Reduction (MOR) ...

Torque control strategy is a common strategy to control robotic manipulators. However, it becomes complex duo to manipulator dynamics. In addition, position control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) is a complicated control. Therefore, tracking control of robots driven by PMSMs is a challenging problem. This article presents a novel tracking control of electrically driven robots wh...

Insight problems are sometimes designed to encourage an incorrect and misleading interpretation that veils a simple answer. The socks problem is one such problem: Given black brown in drawer mixed ratio of four five, how many will you have take out make sure pair the same color? information since, with only two colors, pulling three guarantee matching pair. Recently, offered distinction between...