Abstract: Estimating passive earth pressure accurately is very important when designing retaining wall. Based on the unified strength theory and plane strain assumption, an analytical solution has been developed to determine the passive lateral earth pressure distribution on a retaining structure when the backfill is cohesive and inclined considering the effect of the intermediate principal str...

Wind friction threshold speeds (u,t) for particle movement (saltation) were determined in a wind tunnel operating at martian surface pressure with a 95 percent CO 2 and 5 percent air atmosphere. The relationship between friction speed (u,) and free-stream velocity (%0) is extended to the critical case for Mars of momentum thickness Reynolds numbers (Re0) between 425 and 2000. It is determined t...

Large volumes of naturally jointed Precambrian crystalline rock can be stably maintained at pressures considerably above the least principal earth stress in the surrounding rock mass. At Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Fenton Hill hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal test site, tests carried out for a cumulative period of 11 months in the deeper and larger of the two HDR reservoirs showed no evidence...

Earth is the only known planet with subduction zones and plate tectonics, and this fact demonstrates that special conditions are required for this mode of planetary heat loss. Sinking of cold, dense lithosphere in subduction zones is the principal plate-driving force, so plate tectonics could not have begun until Earth cooled sufficiently to allow lithosphere to collapse into the underlying ast...

This paper aims at reviewing the current advancements of high pressure experimental geosciences. The angle chosen is that of in situ measurements at the high pressure (P) and high temperature (T) conditions relevant of the deep Earth and planets, measurements that are often carried out at large facilities (X-ray synchrotrons and neutron sources). Rather than giving an exhaustive catalogue, four...

The eighth “From Atom to Earth” symposium on high-pressure science and earth was held at the Key Laboratory of High-temperature High-pressure Study Earth’s Interior, Institute Geochemistry, Chinese Academy Sciences (IGCAS), People’s Republic China, from 2 5 July 2021 [...]

Earth pressure balance tunnel boring machines (EPB-TBMs) are favorably applied in urban tunneling projects. Despite their numerous advantages, considerable delays and high maintenance cost are the main disadvantages these machines suffer from. Reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) analysis is a practical technique that uses failure and repair dataset obtained over a reasonable ti...