Introduction The field of cell-death research has matured since pioneering discoveries showed that apoptosis is regulated genetically. Although many of the core caspase-signalling pathways are known, some of the most basic aspects of the biochemistry of mitochondrial apoptosis induction have remained elusive and are, in certain cases, controversial. Research on the metabolic dysfunction that oc...

Although water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas, it is not even agreed whether an increase in its concentration due to global warming will cause more warming or cooling. Warming (a positive feedback) will occur if the biggest effect is to absorb more outgoing long-wave radiation. Cooling (a negative feedback) will occur if the major result is to form more clouds, which would reflect m...

Earth slopes’ stability analysis is a key task in geotechnical engineering that provides detailed view of the slope conditions used to implement appropriate stabilizations. In process, calculating safety factor (F.S) plays an essential part assessment, which guarantees operations’ success. Providing accurate and reliable F.S can be improve procedure as well this regard, researchers computationa...

In a bivariate data plot, every two points determine an “elementary slope.” For n points with distinct x-values, there are n(n – 1)/2 elementary slopes. These elementary slopes are examined under the two classical regression assumptions: (1) the regressor variable values are fixed and the error is independent and normal, and (2) the data is bivariate normal. For case (1), it is demonstrated tha...

For each prime number p which does not divide N there is a linear operator Tp acting on Sk(N,C), known as the p-th Hecke operator. (In fact, the Tp stabilize Sk(N,Q).) A modular form which is an eigenvector for all of these linear operators simultaneously is called an eigenform; the space Sk(N,C) has a basis made up of eigenforms, and the Fourier coefficients of these eigenforms can be normaliz...

classification and utilization of lands based on their capability are necessary for sustainable land use management. the purpose of this study was to identify and grade the effective qualities on the rainfed farming in the roin area, north khorasan province, during the year of 2011. based on field observations and literature review the land qualities including climate, rooting conditions, moist...

Topographic mapping of the earth, moon and planets can be accomplished with high resolution and accuracy using satellite laser altimeters. These systems employ nanosecond laser pulses and microradian beam divergences to achieve submeter vertical range resolution from orbital altitudes of several hundred kilometers. In this paper we develop detailed expressions for the range and pulse width meas...

An analysis of the surface and interior state of Asteroid (101955) Bennu, the target asteroid of the OSIRISREx sample return mission, is given using models based on Earth-based observations of this body. These observations have enabled models of its shape, spin state, mass and surface properties to be developed. Based on these data the range of surface and interior states possible for this body...

Low-height vegetation, common in semiarid regions, is difficult to characterize with airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging) due to the similarities, in time and space, of the point returns of vegetation and ground. Other complications may occur due to the lowheight vegetation structural characteristics and the effects of terrain slope. This research is focused on modeling methods and erro...