When the African Union’s (AU) East African caravan set out for Kampala from Nairobi on 3 July, little did they imagine they would capture the attention of thousands of men and women across East Africa and elsewhere in Africa. As they travelled the thousands of kilometres through Arusha, Mwanza, Kigali, Kabale, Masaka, Mbarara and Kampala, the testimonies they heard in towns, villages, dispensar...

Integrated Border Management (IBM) constitute an innovative solution to trade facilitation challenges in the East African Community (EAC). Through a content analysis, this paper presents and investigation into state of art for cross-border by means integrated border management systems EAC. Procedures clearing goods at posts are addressed vis-à-vis introduction automated document checking cleari...

In August 2017, an autochthonous chikungunya case was reported in south-east France. By mid-September, eight additional autochthonous cases were found in the index case's neighbourhood, where the chikungunya virus vector Aedes albopictus was observed. Genomic characterisation identified an East-Central South African (ECSA) lineage strain, probably from the Central African region and carrying an...

The HIV-1 subtype C accounts for an important fraction of HIV infections in east Africa, but little is known about the genetic characteristics and evolutionary history of this epidemic. Here we reconstruct the origin and spatiotemporal dynamics of the major HIV-1 subtype C clades circulating in east Africa. A large number (n = 1,981) of subtype C pol sequences were retrieved from public databas...

Thirty-one viruses causing SAT-2 outbreaks in seven West African countries between 1974 and 1991, and four viruses representative of East and Central Africa were genetically characterized in this study. Four major viral lineages (I-IV) were identified by phylogenetic analysis of an homologous 480 nucleotide region corresponding to the C-terminus end of VP1. Lineage I comprised two West African ...

Cloned DNA-A and DNA-B components of Kenyan isolates of East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV, EACMV-UG and EACMV-KE2), East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus (EACMKV) and East African cassava mosaic Zanzibar virus (EACMZV) are shown to be infectious in cassava. EACMV and EACMKV genomic components have the same iteron sequence (GGGGG) and can form viable pseudorecombinants, while EACMZV com...

The cichlid fishes in the East African Great Lakes are a prime model system for the study of adaptive radiation. Therefore, the availability of an elaborate phylogenetic framework is an important prerequisite. Previous phylogenetic hypotheses on East African cichlids are mainly based on mitochondrial and/or fragment-based markers, and, to date, no taxon-rich phylogeny exists that is based on mu...

Taxonomic notes: The African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) exhibits substantial morphological variability (Skinner & Chimimba 2005), resulting in controversies regarding the recognition of the various subspecies (Smitz et al. 2013). Recent evidence supports the separation of two distinct groups, corresponding to a West and Central African group and an East and Southern African group (Smitz et al. 2...

The golden jackal of Africa (Canis aureus) has long been considered a conspecific of jackals distributed throughout Eurasia, with the nearest source populations in the Middle East. However, two recent reports found that mitochondrial haplotypes of some African golden jackals aligned more closely to gray wolves (Canis lupus), which is surprising given the absence of gray wolves in Africa and the...