The most common method for in situ assessment of soil salinity, namely the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil solution (ECw), is to measure the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and volumetric water content (θ) of the soil and apply measured or predicted ECa(ECw, θ) calibration curves. The water content and electrical conductivity of a soil solution are indeed the major factors affec...

PURPOSE Ethacrynic acid (ECA) is a potential trabecular meshwork (TM) drug that has shown promising results in preclinical studies for treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma. However, topical application of ECA is currently limited by adverse effects in corneal tissues. To this end, we developed a new theoretical model to evaluate time-dependent toxicity induced by ECA in corneal epithelial c...

Many microalgae induce an extracellular carbonic anhydrase (eCA), associated with the cell surface, at low carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. This enzyme is thought to aid inorganic carbon uptake by generating CO2 at the cell surface, but alternative roles have been proposed. We developed a new approach to quantify eCA activity in which a reaction-diffusion model is fit to data on (18)O remov...

Sterile tissues of human subjects free from infection and malignancy were assessed for an antigen that cross-reacts with the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA). Extracts of heated homogenates (HE) and ethanol-soluble (ES) fractions of liver, kidney, muscle, and heart tissues were examined for their capacities to react with ECA antibodies, as measured by hemagglutination procedures, and to eli...

Event clock automata (ECA) are a model for timed languages that has been introduced by Alur, Fix and Henzinger as an alternative to timed automata, with better theoretical properties (for instance, ECA are determinizable while timed automata are not). In this paper, we revisit and extend the theory of ECA. We first prove that no finite time abstract language equivalence exists for ECA, thereby ...

The RuleML Challenge started in 2007 with the objective of inspiring the issues of implementation for management, integration, interoperation and interchange of rules in an open distributed environment, such as the Web. Rules are usually classified as three types: deductive rules, normative rules, and reactive rules. The reactive rules are further classified as ECA rules and production rules. T...

We investigated the effects of stathmin 1 (STMN1) silencing by small interfering (siRNA) on the sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells Eca-109 to paclitaxel. STMN1 siRNA was transiently transfected into Eca-109 cells. The effects of transfection were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The effects of STMN1 silencing by siRNA on the sensitivity of esophageal ...

BACKGROUND In order to gain insight into neuroprotective effects of ECa 233, a standardized extract of Centella asiatica, previously demonstrated in animal models of memory impairment induced by transient global ischemia or intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid, the effect of ECa 233 on neurite outgrowth of human IMR-32 neuroblastoma cell line was investigated. METHODS Cells were see...

Living monkeys were perfused via the anterior chamber by the two step constant pressure technique with the sulfhydryl (SH)-reactive diuretic, ethacrynic acid (ECA) at dosages from 0.1 to 1.0 mM. Above 0.37 mM a reproducible increase in outflow facility (C) was observed. At 0.5 mM C increased 115% with ECA compared to a 22% increase in control eyes (n = 9; P less than 0.01). In three monkeys sim...

Recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in general have advances this field in realizing the vision of a more humanoid interactive system with embodied conversation agent (ECA). This paper presented our development of the ECA called Artificial Intelligent Natural-language Identity or AINI. In this paper, we also present and discuss the use of such E...