ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF PAPERS INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................1 HISTORY .............................................................................................................................. 1 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................

Introduction by G. W. Black andJ. Foster.-The forward movement of orthoptic technique between 1925 and 1935 depended on a re-appreciation of the importance of anomalous retinal correspondence, measured by the improved synoptophores then available. Before this, many patients had been wasting their time on unsupervised divergence exercises. In this decade Ciippers's discovery of the high percenta...

BACKGROUND Hamstring strain and anterior cruciate ligament injuries are, respectively, the most prevalent and serious non-contact occurring injuries in team sports. Specific biomechanical and neuromuscular variables have been used to estimate the risk of incurring a non-contact injury in athletes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidences for the effectiveness...

Eleven healthy volunteers took part in three sessions where computer work was performed for 10 min in each session. The recordings were made on two consecutive days. After the first session, the subjects underwent a series of high intensity eccentric exercises of shoulder elevation to induce muscle soreness. The second session was performed immediately after the exercises and third session 24 h...

STUDY DESIGN Case report. BACKGROUND Proximal hamstring tendinopathy is a relatively uncommon overuse injury seen in runners. In contrast to the significant amount of literature guiding the evaluation and treatment of hamstring strains, there is little literature about the physical therapy management of proximal hamstring tendinopathy, other than the general recommendations to increase streng...

UNLABELLED Eccentric training for Achilles tendinosis (AT) has been reported to significantly improve patient symptoms. There has been no biomechanical explanation on the mechanism for specific rehabilitation technique. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in muscle architecture that occurred as a result of Achilles tendinosis injury and a subsequent eccentric rehabilitation progr...

Although many different hamstring strengthening exercises exist, the effect on site specific activation of these exercises on different muscles of the leg is unclear. This study investigated the effects of the eccentric leg curl (LC) and lunge (L) exercises on the biceps femoris long head (BFl), biceps femoris short head (BFs), semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), and adductor magnus (AM)...

Chronic patellar tendinopathy is a common clinical condition that is managed by physical therapists and is common among athletes and non-athletes alike. Patellar tendinopathy is characterized by the absence of inflammatory cells and prostaglandins and an increased presence of fibroblasts and disorganized collagen (1). Therefore, this condition is not inflammatory as physicians had thought but i...

Incline Dumbbell Curl (IDC) and Dumbbell Preacher Curl (DPC) are two variations of the standard Dumbbell Biceps Curl (DBC), generally applied to optimize biceps brachii contribution for elbow flexion by fixing shoulder at a specific angle. The aim of this study is to identify changes in the neuromuscular activity of biceps brachii long head for IDC, DPC and DBC exercises, by taking into account...

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has revolutionized the care of patients with end-stage joint disease, leading to pain relief, functional recovery, and substantial improvement in quality of life. However, long-term studies indicate persistence of impairment and functional limitation after THA, and the optimal rehabilitation protocols are largely unknown. The aim of this paper was to systematically ...