Recently, several changes have been observed in the Earth’s environment. This is also applicable to ocean The concept of weather routing has applied for ship navigation a long time. Many service providers offer with availability high-quality satellite data. Unfortunately, not much information available public domain as how recent change pattern affected navigation. purpose this paper fill gap. ...

A new relationship between the surface distribution of equivalent potential temperature and the potential temperature at the tropopause is proposed. Using a Gaussian approximation for the distribution of equivalent potential temperature, we argue that the tropopause potential temperature is approximately given by the mean equivalent potential temperature at the surface plus twice its standard d...

Three-dimensional radar reflectivity fields from a dual-wavelength Doppler polarimetric radar (S-PolKa) deployed in the equatorial IndianOcean are used to evaluate the composition of the population of convective cloud elements during active phases of the MJO. Rainfall in active periods was intermittent, occurring in 11 episodes of about 2–4 days, separated by several nonrainy days. Data for the...

Precipitation is influenced bymultiple large-scale natural processes.Many of these large-scale precipitation ‘‘drivers’’ are not independent of one another, which complicates attribution.Moreover, it is unclear whether natural interannual drivers alone can explain the observed longer-term precipitation trends or account for projected precipitation changes with global warming seen in climate mod...

Abstract. Reanalysis data play a vital role in weather and climate study as well meteorological resource development application. In this work, the East Asia System (EARS) was developed using Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model Gridpoint Statistical Interpolations (GSI) assimilation system. The regional reanalysis system is forced by European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts (ECMWF) globa...

Serving as the successor to ERA-Interim dataset, a new global reanalysis (i.e., ERA5) has been released by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. However, evaluation of performance ERA5 in relation Tibetan Plateau (TP) remains lacking. Using situ eddy covariance observations from eight stations located on TP, this study evaluated uncertainties both and ERA-Interim. Results showed t...

Tropospheric delays are considered to be one of the main performance limitations for Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar technology when applied to ground deformation monitoring. In this study, we evaluate the performance of ERA-Interim global atmospheric reanalysis on estimating the tropospheric delay on Sentinel-1 InSAR observations. The results are validated by four D-InSAR interferogra...

Wildfires are a major concern on the Iberian Peninsula, and the establishment of effective prevention and early warning systems are crucial to reduce impacts and losses. Fire weather indices are daily indicators of fire danger based upon meteorological information. However, their application in many studies is conditioned to the availability of sufficiently large climatological time series over...

This study documents the preferred location and diurnal cycle of extreme convective storms that occur in the tropical band containing the east Pacific Ocean, Central and South America, the Atlantic Ocean, and northern Africa. Data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar show three types of convective-stratiform structures that constitute extreme convective events...