Over the past 30 years, researchers have used various approximations to address the impact of measurement uncertainty on optimal management policy. This literature has consistently suggested the counter-intuitive proposition that increasing harvest levels in the presence of measurement error is often optimal. Here, we use state-of-the art algorithms for Partially Observed Markov Decision Proces...

Kinmen National Park is the only battle memorial-themed natural resource conservation park in Taiwan. With the rapid growth in tourism, Kinmen National Park faces the challenge of managing with the resulting environmental impact. For this study, we adopted the tourism ecological footprint (TEF) and tourism ecological capacity (TEC) to evaluate the ecological conditions of Kinmen National Park f...

social learning and knowledge generation are two key factors to achieve successful natural resources co-management. social learning can be beneficial by broadcasting and transmitting experiences and problem solving ideas in a group of people. social learning networks can transmit knowledge and experiences from one node to another in the network. social learning can produce a suitable learning a...

Taking departure in the theory of resilience in social-ecological systems, we present an analysis and discussion of how resilience theory can be applied to agroecosystems. Building on the premise that agroecosystems are too complex for resilience to be measured in any precise manner, we delineate behavior-based indicators of resilience within agroecosystems. Based on a review of relevant litera...

Positional behavior in adult red colobus monkeys (Colobus badius) was examined in a variety of ecological contexts. Using a focal-animal methodology, we assessed how data collected by different observers, in different years, in different seasons, and in different forests affected estimates of positional behavior. In all, 23,000 bouts were recorded. Variation in frequency is greatest in the comm...