It is increasingly common for plant scientists and urban planning design professionals to collaborate on interdisciplinary teams that integrate scientific experiments into public social spaces. However, neither the procedural ethics govern experimentation, nor professional of practice, fully account possible impacts ecological local residents communities. Scientists participate in act as decisi...

Environment both endowed and built are essential for tourism. However tourism and environment maintains a complex relationship, where in most cases environment is at the receiving end. Many tourism development activities have adverse environmental effects, mainly emanating from construction of general infrastructure and tourism facilities. These negative impacts of tourism can lead to the destr...

Nature conservation is increasingly based on a landscape approach rather than a species approach. Landscape planning that includes nature conservation goals requires integrated ecological tools. However, species differ widely in their response to landscape change. We propose a framework of ecologically scaled landscape indices that takes into account this variation. Our approach is based on a c...

Since the 1980s, ecological models of health promotion have generated a great deal of enthusiasm among researchers and interventionists. These models emerged from conceptual developments in other fields, and only selected elements of the ecological approach have been integrated into them. In this article, we describe the tenets of the ecological approach and highlight those aspects that have be...

one of the problems in forest park management, planning, and design is the tendency to consider recreation independent from aesthetic preferences and ecological objectives. this paper presents the findings of an examination of recreational activities in relation to aesthetics and ecological potentials in siangtan forest park in iran. although protected areas constitute most of this 591 ha park,...