The demand pattern for most perishable products varies during their life cycle in the market. These variations must be properly reflected in inventory management in order to prevent unnecessary stock-out or excess inventory with associated increase in cost. In this paper, a multi-period economic order quantity (EOQ) model for managing the inventory of perishable items having varying demand patt...

In this paper, an inventory model for two-stage supply chain is investigated. A supply chain with single vendor and single buyer is considered. We assume that shortage as a backorder is allowed for the buyer and the vendor makes the production set up every time the buyer places an order and supplies on a lot for lot basis. With these assumptions, the joint economic lot size model is introduced ...

This paper considers the basic economic order quantity (EOQ) model when all parameters, such as the demand rate, the ordering cost, and the inventory holding cost, are uncertain, and furthermore, their probability information is also unknown. To address the uncertainty, we adopt a robustness-based approach. In this approach, each unknown parameter is described as a continuous value restricted t...

Government corruption is more prevalent in poor countries than in rich countries. This paper uses cross-industry heterogeneity in growth rates within Vietnam to test empirically whether growth leads to lower corruption. We find that it does. We begin by developing a model of government officials’ choice of how much bribe money to extract from firms that is based on the notion of inter-regional ...

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal retailer’s replenishment decisions for deteriorating items under two levels of trade credit policy to reflect supply chain management situation within the economic production quantity (EPQ) framework. In this paper, it is assumed that the retailer maintains a powerful decision-making right and can obtain the full trade credit offered ...

The paper presents a two-sector agriculture-industry model of economic growth relevant to both individual developing countries and the world economy as a whole. In doing so, it analyses the model under two different scenarios. The first scenario is that of idealised (relative) price adjustment in which growth is unconstrained by effective demand. This scenario represents a theoretical benchmark...

Deciding shipment size is important in freight transport: it depends on the logistical imperatives of shippers and the technical possibilities of carriers. Shipment size choice is also closely related to transportation mode; it is therefore important from a public policy perspective. The theory of optimal shipment size and mode choice is robust. There are many inventory-theoretical models of op...

Recent globalization has been characterized by a decline in the costs of cross-border trade in farm and other products. It has been driven primarily by the information and communication technology revolution and-in the case of farm products-by reductions in governmental distortions to agricultural production, consumption and trade. Both have boosted economic growth and reduced poverty globally,...

An EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) model for a deteriorating item with quadratic demand pattern and quadratic holding cost and constant deterioration rate is considered in this paper. In addition, shortages and partial backlogging are allowed. It is assumed that the backlogging rate acts as not only a variable, but also depends on the length of the waiting time up to next replenishment during the...

In this paper, two economic production quantity (EPQ) models are proposed for deteriorating/imperfect items with rework process. The production process is imperfect, and imperfect quality items are reworked to become serviceable. At the same time, the remaining good quality items may deteriorate. The inspection of deteriorated items is also imperfect, so that deteriorated items may be sold to c...