Summery Khat is an evergreen shrub, which is cultivated as a bush or small tree; some oral traditions claim that khat originated from Yemen. However the literature indicates that khat originated from Ethiopia, specifically in Hararghe with a gradual expansion to different parts of Ethiopia, Yemen and other parts of the world. Chewing khat is both a social and a culture-based activity; it is sai...

BACKGROUND The genetic diversity of M. bovis in Tunisia is still underestimated despite the implementation of an eradication program. The lack of data about spatial distribution of the M. bovis population hinders the control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) progress. This study represents the largest molecular analysis of M. bovis isolates in Tunisia. It is aimed to upgrade the understanding of bTB...

Incorporation of plant residues in soil affects N and C content and dynamics. This studydetermined the effects of short-term alternative rice (Oryza sativa L.) residue management on Nmineralization and uptake by rice. Pot and laboratory incubation experiments were established byincorporating 15N-labeled rice straw and rice straw compost in paddy soil. The 15N recovered by riceaveraged 16.6%; mo...

We report on the results of a survey of the Nepomorpha of northern Tunisia, and list twenty-three species belonging to twelve genera and seven families: Nepidae, Ochteridae, Corixidae, Micronectidae, Naucoridae, Notonectidae, and Pleidae. These records are based on intensive field surveys during the year 2013 and examination of the entomological collections of the National Museum Natural Histor...

— What were the structural determinants of the recent Arab Awakening protests that engulfed the Arab world? We examine the economic and political grievances along with political opportunities. Time-series analysis of nonviolent and violent protests in 18 Arab-majority countries shows that “bread,” “justice,” and political opportunities mattered. State terror and political openness had the stron...

Introduction Health technology assessment (HTA) has become a critical support to health policy decision-making. The HTA evaluation process requires transparency, formalized processes, clear timelines, and standardization according international best practice. Tunisia is establishing an HTA-based decision-making system through the National Authority for Accreditation Assessment in Healthcare (IN...

Convertibility is an important factor in international trade where instruments valued in different currencies will be exchanged. Convertibility can be either total manner or a partial manner. However, whatever the type of convertibility, there will be advantages and disadvantages to  the economy of a country of which has  made a convertibility of its national currency. Convertibility was studie...