Let G = (V (G), E(G), F (G)) be a simple, finite, connected, plane graph with the vertex set V (G), the edge set E(G) and the face set F (G). A labeling of type (1, 1, 1) assigns labels from the set {1, 2, . . . , |V (G)|+ |E(G)| + |F (G)|} to the vertices, edges and faces of a plane graph G, such that each vertex, edge and face receives exactly one label and each number is used exactly once as...

The vertex-edge Wiener index of a simple connected graph G is defined as the sum of distances between vertices and edges of G. Two possible distances D_1(u,e|G) and D_2(u,e|G) between a vertex u and an edge e of G were considered in the literature and according to them, the corresponding vertex-edge Wiener indices W_{ve_1}(G) and W_{ve_2}(G) were introduced. In this paper, we present exact form...

A graph G is called a sum graph if there is a so-called sum labeling of G, i.e. an injective function l : V (G) → N such that for every u, v ∈ V (G) it holds that uv ∈ E(G) if and only if there exists a vertex w ∈ V (G) such that l(u) + l(v) = l(w). We say that sum labeling l is minimal if there is a vertex u ∈ V (G) such that l(u) = 1. In this paper, we show that if we relax the conditions (ei...

Let G be a nonempty simple graph with vertex set V(G) and an edge E(G). For every injective labeling f:V(G)?Z, there are two induced labelings, namely f+:E(G)?Z defined by f+(uv)=f(u)+f(v), f?:E(G)?Z f?(uv)=|f(u)?f(v)|. The sum index the difference minimum cardinalities of ranges f+ f?, respectively. We provide upper lower bounds on index, determine various families graphs. also interesting con...

For a weighted, undirected graph G = (V;E) where jV j = n and jEj = m, we examine the single most vital edge with respect to two measurements related to all-pairs shortest paths (APSP). The rst measurement considers only the impact of the removal of a single edge from the APSP on the shortest distance between each vertex pair. The second considers the total weight of all the edges which make up...

A labeling of edges and vertices a simple graph \(G(V,E)\) by mapping \(\Lambda :V\left( G \right) \cup E\left( \to \left\{ { 1,2,3, \ldots ,\Psi } \right\}\) provided that any two pair have distinct weights is called an edge irregular total \(\Psi\)-labeling. If \(\Psi\) minimum \(G\) admits -labelling, then the irregularity strength (TEIS) denoted \(\mathrm{tes}\left(G\right).\) In this paper...

for a graph $g$ with edge set $e(g)$, the multiplicative sum zagreb index of $g$ is defined as$pi^*(g)=pi_{uvin e(g)}[d_g(u)+d_g(v)]$, where $d_g(v)$ is the degree of vertex $v$ in $g$.in this paper, we first introduce some graph transformations that decreasethis index. in application, we identify the fourteen class of trees, with the first through fourteenth smallest multiplicative sum zagreb ...