(2001) Nonlinear analysis of plastic ball grid array solder joints. Notice: Changes introduced as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing and formatting may not be reflected in this document. For a definitive version of this work, please refer to the published source: ABSTRACT A nonlinear finite element analysis was carried out to investigate the viscoplastic deformation of solder...

Distinct spectral features at the Fe L-edge of the two compounds K3[Fe(CN)6] and K4[Fe(CN)6] have been identified and characterized as arising from contributions of the ligand pi orbitals due to metal-to-ligand back-bonding. In addition, the L-edge energy shifts and total intensities allow changes in the ligand field and effective nuclear charge to be determined. It is found that the ligand fie...

Present study deals with the prediction of crack initiation angle for mixed mode (I/II) fracture using finite element techniques and J-Integral based approach. The FE code ANSYS is used to estimate the stress intensity factor numerically. The estimated values of SIF were incorporated into six different crack initiation angle criteria to predict the crack initiation angle. Single edge crack spec...

Recently, there has been a great deal of importance associated with the effects of magnetic field ergodization in the dynamics of fusion grade plasmas. It is believed that ergodization of the edge magnetic fields can effectively mitigate ELMs and thus improve the confinement properties. The role of the edge electric fields has also generated a lot of interest. We have carried an experimental sc...

drought stress, especially drought at terminal stages, plays an important role in reduction of yield in field crops such as common beans. 50 genotypes of common bean including 3 control genotypes (dehghan, bahman and naz) were used to evaluate and identify the tolerant genotypes. this experiment were performed in a randomized complete block design (rcbd) with three replications under two condit...

in classical mechanics, considering hook’s law stress is a linear function of strain. while in strain gradient theory stress is a function of strain and strain differentials. in this paper, novel formulation relating stress and strain and also new boundary conditions are derived based on minimum potential energy principle. in strain gradient theory a length coefficient parameter is defined. thi...

rails fracture by the growth of fatigue crack or critical crack is one of the prevalent defects in railway. the rail fracture, failure and stress analysis should be studied in order to prevention of rail fracture. in this paper, new formulation of contact stress for two rolling bodies is presented, where the results are closed to the hertz stress formulation. moreover, stress analysis is done b...

The present contribution deals with the numerical modeling of railway track-supporting systems-using coupled finite-infinite elements-to represent the near and distant field stress distribution, and also employing a thin layer interface element to account for the interfacial behavior between sleepers and ballast. To simulate the relative debonding, slipping and crushing at the contact area betw...