Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) signaling plays an important role in regulating crucial biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Many of these processes are also an integral part of amelogenesis. In order to delineate a precise role of TGF-ß signaling during amelogenesis, we developed a transgenic mouse line that harb...

TGF-ß is a multifunctional cytokine that is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and function. We previously reported an essential role of the TGF-ß -Smad2/3 pathways in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing, we comprehensively identified Smad2/3 target genes in bone marrow macrophages. These genes were enriched in the gene popul...

Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) functions both in regulation of insulin secretion and neurotransmitter release through common downstream mediators. Therefore, we hypothesized that pancreatic ß-cells acquire and store the information contained in calcium pulses as a form of "metabolic memory", just as neurons store cognitive information. To test this hypothesis, we develop...

Aim. To explore whether first-trimester levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA) and serum free ß-human chorionic gonadotrophin (free ß-hCG) vary with maternal blood group and rhesus status and to determine their implications for Down syndrome. Methods. Blood samples were collected from all 539 singleton pregnancies undergoing first-trimester screening. Values of maternal serum P...

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Objective: Several studies have shown that the adult pancreas possesses a limited potential for ß– cell regeneration upon tissue injury. One of the difficulties in studying ß-cell regeneration has been the lack of a robust, synchronized animal model system that would allow controlled regulation of ß−cell loss and subsequent proliferation in adult pancreas. Research Design and Methods: Here we p...

BACKGROUND ß-Adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta-blockers) are frequently used with the aim of reducing perioperative myocardial ischemia and infarction. However, randomized clinical trials specifically designed to evaluate the effects of beta-blockers on mortality in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery have yielded conflicting results. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effect o...

The theorem about primitive divisors in algebraic number fields is generalized in the following manner. Let A, B be algebraic integers, (A, B) = 1 , AB ^ 0, A/B not a root of unity, and Çk a primitive root of unity of order k . For all sufficiently large n , the number A" C,kB" has a prime ideal factor that does not divide Am £,'kBm for arbitrary m < n and j < k . The analogue of Zsigmondy's th...

Segmental mandibulectomy leads to a great deÞ cit in the form and function of the patient. Vascularised bone ß aps have become the choice of the method of reconstruction of the mandible in an oncologic setting. Fibula osseous or oseteocutaneous ß aps have become the favored method in centers across the world. This article reviews certain pertinent and practical points with regards to Þ bula ß a...