The adaptability of the central nervous system has been revealed in several model systems. Of particular interest to system-injured individuals is ability for neural components be modified regain function. In both types neurotrauma, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, primary parasympathetic control gastrointestinal tract, vagus nerve, remains anatomically intact. However, with or ar...

Background. Numerous publications have noted the piano of unequal‑muscular relations arising in process vocalization, and described intra‑laryngeal sensitive (afferent) motor (efferent) nerve endings. Pari estomp a significant part efferent pathways are vegetative fibers that control ulcer trophic state tissue substrate direct effect on muscles larynx, changing metabolism muscle cells. Objectiv...

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the predictive role of the olivocochlear efferent reflex strength in temporary hearing deterioration in young adults exposed to music. This was based on the fact that a noise-protective role of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) system was observed in animals and that efferent suppression (ES) measured using contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS)...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review covers the articles published between 2010 and early 2011 that presented new findings on inner-ear efferents and their ability to modulate hair cell function. RECENT FINDINGS Studies published within the review period have increased our understanding of efferent mechanisms on hair cells in the cochlear and vestibular sensory epithelium and provide insights on eff...

OBJECTIVES Baso-apical gradients exist in various cochlear structures including medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent system. This study investigated the cochlear regional differentials in the function and morphology of the MOC system, and addressed the functional implications of regional MOC efferent terminals (ETs) in the mouse cochlea. METHODS In CBA/J mice, MOC reflex (MOCR) was assessed ba...

Estrogen has been shown to have an important role in fluid reabsorption in efferent ductules of the testis. Our previous study of the estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mouse (ERKO) showed that the efferent ductules and rete testis were primary targets of estrogen receptor function. In the present study, a more comprehensive evaluation of the ERKO male reproductive tract was performed to determin...

Parasympathetic activation reduces hepatic glucose release and increases pancreatic insulin secretion in hyperglycemic conditions. Thus, vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) may potentially be effective in treating type II diabetes. To investigate this possibility, we hypothesized that VNS reduces blood glucose concentration [Glu] via insulin secretion. [Glu] together with insulin and glucagon serum c...