The reported study was aimed at developing effective techniques for reducing learner cognitive overload while using pinyin (a phonetic system) to learn Chinese language. Learning effects of two instructional conditions (character-pinyin-pronunciation and character-pronunciation) were compared for learners with different levels of prior Mandarin proficiency and pinyin knowledge. It was expected ...

Learners rarely know how to construct knowledge together in argumentation. This experimental study analyzes two computer-supported collaboration scripts, which should facilitate processes and outcomes of argumentative knowledge construction. One script aims to support the construction of single arguments and the other script aims to support the construction of argumentation sequences. Both scri...

One of the objectives of the Language Technologies for Life-Long Learning (LTfLL) project, is to develop a knowledge sharing system that connects learners to resources and learners to other learners. To this end, we complement the formal knowledge represented by domain ontologies with the informal knowledge emerging from tagging. We have developed an ontology enrichment pipeline that can automa...

veryfew attempts have been made in the past to develop instruments to measure pragmatic knowledge of second language (l2) learners. the absence of such instruments in the literature of english language teaching (elt) underscores the need for the researchers to develop new tests that are specifically designed to assess this crucial but less explored aspect of language learners’ (lls) knowledge. ...

In traditional classes, having many questions from learners is important because these questions indicate difficult points for learners and for teachers. This paper proposes a FAQ-based e-Learning environment to support Japanese language learning that focuses on learner questions. This knowledge sharing system enables learners to interact and share information and knowledge through FAQ and e-ma...

In this paper, we describe a machine learning approach, ID3 Decision Tree Induction Algorithm, to analyzing and predicting learning style of learners on-line. Our goal is to adapt the interaction by choosing an appropriate presentation for the learners. One way to make a good adaptation is by extracting some knowledge about each learner such as learners’ behavior during a learning session, know...

Knowledge sharing occurs between humans, rather than being a human-computer process. Knowledge transformation is an outcome of individuals’ knowledge-sharing experiences. Social interaction is central to both knowledge transformation and to learning. When learners intermingle, there may be a shift in knowledge due to the social interaction. Consequently, knowledge transformation is a social pro...

Bottom Clause Propositionalization (BCP) is a recent propositionalization method which allows fast relational learning. Propositional learners can use BCP to obtain accuracy results comparable with Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) learners. However, differently from ILP learners, what has been learned cannot normally be represented in first-order logic. In this paper, we propose an approach an...

Prior knowledge is an important factor that influences the interaction with a hypertext and the learning gain. Our authoring system NetCoach provides a way to assess the users’ prior knowledge and to adapt the course in different ways. We describe how the adaptation mechanism assesses the user’s knowledge with test items, infers the user’s current learning state from this information, and final...

The present study evaluated the efficacy of electronic foramen locators (EFLs) to control root canal working length during rotary instrumentation and to assess possible reliability variations of different working lengths. Forty-eight human mandibular bicuspids were randomly divided in 2 groups according to the used device, Root ZX II (RZX) and Propex II (PRO). They were further subdivided in 2 ...