During internal defibrillation, potential gradients greater than 100 V/cm occur near defibrillation electrodes. Such strong fields may cause deleterious effects, including arrhythmias. This study determined 1) the effects of such strong fields on the propagation of activation and 2) whether these effects were different for monophasic and biphasic shocks. Voltages and potential gradients during ...

The long-time behavior of the velocity autocorrelation function in a classical twodimensional electric conduction system is studied by the molecular dynamics simulation. In equilibrium, the effect of coexistence of many-body interactions and a random potential is investigated. A crossover from a positive tail proportional to t, to a negative tail proportional to −t is observed as the strength o...

After reviewing the new physics and chemistry in high electrostatic fields we use density functional theory to show that in fields around 1.5 V/Å the bandgap of polythiophene reduces to zero leading to field-induced metallization. In poly(ethylene glycol), on the other hand, such fields lead to giant electrostriction of over 20% in length. Lastly, we give two examples of field-induced polymeriz...

I Eggert, Physik. Zs., 20, 570, 1919. 2 Saha, Phil. Mag., 40, 478, 809, 1909; 41, 267, 1921. 3Russell, Astrophys. J., 55, 129, 1922. I Sackur, Ann. Physik., 36, 598, 1911; 40, 67, 1913; Tetrode, Ibid., 38, 434; 39, 255, 1912; Stern, Zs. Electrochem., 25, 66-80, 1919; Tolman, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 42, 1185, 1920; 43, 1593, 1921; Lewis, Physic Rev., 18, 121, 1921. 5 Arrhenius, Wied. Ann. Phys., 43...

It is essential to alter effective electromagnetic parameters of a material to enhance its response. In the present work, we propose a novel Left Hand Metamaterial (LHM) structure comprising double turn spiral resonator (DTSR) and capacitance loaded strips (CLS). This structure is numerically explored to examine the resonance and effective material parameters i.e. permeability and permittivity....

BACKGROUND Cardiomyocytes located at the ischemic border zone of infarcted ventricle are accompanied by redistribution of gap junctions, which mediate electrical transmission between cardiomyocytes. This ischemic border zone provides an arrhythmogenic substrate. It was also shown that sodium (Na+) channels are redistributed within myocytes located in the ischemic border zone. However, the roles...

A 66-year-old man underwent electrophysiological study and catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. At the beginning of the procedure, sinus rhythm was restored by internal cardioversion. Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation was performed, and the electric isolation of all 4 pulmonary veins was confirmed. Subsequently, linear ablation of a left atrial roof and the mitral isthmu...

RF magnetron sputtering is used on the ceramic targets, each of which contains zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc oxide doped with aluminum (AZO) and zinc oxide doped with gallium (GZO). The electric conduction mechanism of the AZO and GZO films came mainly from the Al and Ga, the oxygen vacancies, Zn interstitial atoms, and Al and/or Ga interstitial atoms. AZO and GZO films achieved higher conduction than...

The electtical conductivity existing in electrified clouds is computed under the assumption that a primary positive dipole charge distribution exists within the cloud and that the small ion concentrations are controlled by the rate of ion production from cosmic ray ionization, and by the rates of ion loss from the separate processes of ion recombination, diffusion, and conduction. The results s...

The present study introduces a new approach to determining optimal electrode positions in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Electric field and 3D conduction current density were analyzed using 3D finite element method (FEM) formulated for a dc conduction problem. The electrode positions for minimal current injection were optimized by changing the Cartesian coordinate system into t...