Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether intra-canal application of controlled direct electric current (DEC) could accelerate the amount of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in young adult mixed breed dogs. Methods: Fourth premolars of both jaws of five young adult mixed breed dogs were divided into two groups of control and experimental groups. Orthodontic force...

The signal processing circuit of shunt type current sensor is directly coupled with the high voltage electric circuit so that the common-mode interference signal conditioning becomes a problem. This paper proposes a high-voltage isolation current sensor employs modulation and demodulation which is based on shunt output signal. There is an electrical isolation is set between the high voltage and...

A simple and high-precision current-to-voltage (I/V) converter circuit for multimeters and oscillographs is presented in this paper. The I/V converter measures the electric current with uA and nA selectable ranges in the frequency range from direct current to 1MHz. Circuit technology is also discussed. System Architecture is presented and dual polarity power is designed. Power detector circuit ...

The frequency-dependent nonlinear dielectric increment of dipolar fluids in nonpolar fluids is often measured by using a stationary relaxation method in which two electric fields are used: The static direct current (dc) field of high strength causing the dielectric nonlinearity, and the probing alternating current (ac) field of low strength and high frequency. When a nonlinear composite is subj...

A method for measurement of electric circuit conduction path by Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM) has been developed. It shows that current conducts through the whole surface layer of solder joints when subjected to high frequency pulse loadings, but only half of the surface layer when subjected to AC loading. The Electrical Pulse Induced Resistance Change (EPIR) profile of a symmetric solder bump...

[1] It is shown that the low frequency plasma wave equation can be obtained much more directly than by the previously used method of solving for the determinant of a matrix involving the three components of the electric field vector. The more direct method uses a two-dimensional current density vector space that is precisely equivalent to the previously used three-dimensional electric field vec...

We argue that the correct definition of the electric current in the chiral kinetic theory for Weyl materials should include the Chern-Simons contribution that makes the theory consistent with the local conservation of the electric charge in electromagnetic and strain-induced pseudoelectromagnetic fields. By making use of such a kinetic theory, we study the plasma frequencies of collective modes...

in this paper, the effect of electric field on two-dimensional low reynolds air flow around an airfoil and variation of the forces acting on the airfoil is numerically investigated. the electric current and poisson’s equations are solved and the outcome is considered as a source term in the momentum equations. the energy equation is not considered due to its weak effect on the phenomena. the fi...