We report the design and simulation results of an adaptive GRIN lens based on multi-electrode addressed blue phase liquid crystal. A high dielectric constant layer helps to smoothen out the horizontal electric field and reduce the operating voltage. Such a GRIN lens is insensitive to polarization while keeping parabolic phase profile as the focal length changes.

We demonstrate a tunable phase grating using a polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal. Because of the electric-field-induced rectangularlike phase profile, a high diffraction efficiency of 40% is achieved. Moreover, this device shows submillisecond response time. The proposed tunable phase grating holds great potential for photonics and display applications.

To calculate and evaluate wave scattering and penetration of electromagnetic waves in different biological tissues it is necessary to use a realistic model of the human body, with all tissues resolved and separately assigned with appropriate electric/magnetic properties. We report the development of a realistic 3D whole-body human model that has been adapted for simulation in CST software, cont...

the effects of conduction band nonparabolicity, aluminum concentration and external electric field on the charge density and binding energy of an on-center hydrogenic donor impurity in a spherical quantum dot which is located at the center of a cylindrical nano-wire are studied. the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions are calculated using finite difference approximation with...

At the superconducting linac of FLASH at DESY, we have installed an electro-optic (EO) experiment for singleshot, non-destructive measurements of the longitudinal electric charge distribution of individual electron bunches. The time profile of the electric bunch field is electrooptically encoded onto a chirped titanium-sapphire laser pulse. In the decoding step, the profile is retrieved either ...

Ethanol and β-galactosidase production from cheese whey may significantly contribute to minimise environmental problems while producing value from lowcost raw materials. In this work, the recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC869-A3/pVK1.1 flocculent strain expressing the lacA gene (coding for β-galactosidase) of Aspergillus niger under ADHI promoter and terminator was used. This strain show...

We use the Cluster EFW experiment to measure the cross-shock electric field at ten low β, quasi-perpendicular supercritical bow shock crossings on March 31, 2001. The electric field data are Lorentz-tranformed to a Normal Incidence frame (NIF), in which the incoming solar wind velocity is aligned with the shock normal. In a boundary normal coordinate system, the cross-shock (normal) electric fi...

introduction:  electroporation  is  a  technique  for  increasing  the  permeability  of  the  cell  membrane  to  otherwise  non-permeate  molecules  due  to  an  external  electric  field.  this  permeability  enhancement  is  detectable if the induced transmembrane voltage becomes greater than a critical value which depends on the  pulse  strength  threshold.  in  this  study,  the  variabil...