Wire electric discharge machine (WEDM) is spark erosion in unconventional machining technique to cut hard and the conductive material with a wire as an electrode. The blanking die material SKD 11 is a high carbon and high chromium tool steel with high hardness and high wearing resistance property. This tool steel has broad application in press tools and dies making industries. In this research ...

The flow of electrorheological fluids is characterized by an apparent increase in viscosity manifested by the yield stress property of the fluid, which is a function of the applied electric field and the concentration of the suspended solute phase within the dielectric medium. This property of electrorheological fluids generally hinders flow through a capillary if the imposed shear stress is lo...

An extreme electric field on the order of 10(10) V m(-1) was applied to the free surface of an ionic liquid to cause electric-field-induced evaporation of molecular ions from the liquid. The point of ion emission was observed in situ using a TEM. The resulting electrospray emission process was observed to create nanoscale high-aspect-ratio dendritic features that were aligned with the direction...

many studies have been done on hybrid vehicles in the past few years. the full hybrid vehicles need a large number of batteries creating up to 300 (v) to meet the required voltage of electric motor. the size and weight of the batteries cause some problems. this research investigates the mild hybrid vehicle. this vehicle includes a small electric motor and a high power internal combustion engine...

Abstract The tunneling model for laser-induced processes implies the replacement of propagating field a laser by an oscillatory electric field. view as primary influence in charged particle interactions fails where propagation property is important. Electric fields lack several quintessential laser-field properties that become dominant at high intensities and/or low frequencies. Quantum not con...

Maxwell’s equations allow for curious solutions characterized by the property that all electric and magnetic field lines are closed loops with any two electric (or magnetic) field lines linked. These little-known solutions, constructed by Rañada, are based on the Hopf fibration. Here we analyse their physical properties to investigate how they can be experimentally realized. We study their time...

Most of the present day electric scooters are equipped with a voltage-driven DC motor powered by four 12-volt leadacid batteries and a hand-lever accelerator operated by the rider to control their speed. Because of the nonlinear battery discharge characteristics and different driving behaviors of riders, it is not easy to tell how much electric power remaining in the battery and how far the ele...