The convective charging mechanism of thunderclouds is based on the vertical transport of space charge generated by corona from ground irregularities under the influence of the surface electric field. The present work estimates the amount of charge which is expected to reach cloud base by conduction and convection processes during the lifetime of a thunderstorm. This estimate is made using the n...

Dissipation of charges built up near the surface of insulators due to space environment interaction is central to understanding spacecraft charging. Conductivity of insulating materials is key to determine how accumulated charge will distribute across the spacecraft and how rapidly charge imbalance will dissipate. To understand these processes requires knowledge of how charge is deposited withi...

Electric self-dual vortices arising as BPS states in the strong coupling limit of N=2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, softly broken to N = 1, are reported. 1. About twenty years ago, 't Hooft and Mandelstam 1], 2] proposed a qualitative description of the quark connnement phenomenon based on an analogy with superconductivity. According to this interpretation, the QCD vacuum behaves as a \dual...

In a type II superconductor the gap variation in the core of a vortex line induces a local charge modulation. Accounting for metallic screening, we determine the line charge of individual vortices and calculate the electric field distribution in the half space above a field penetrated superconductor. The resulting field is that of an atomic size dipole d ∼ eaBẑ, aB = h̄/me is the Bohr radius, ac...

The presence of scalar fields with color and electric charge in supersymmetric theories makes feasible the existence of dangerous charge and color breaking (CCB) minima and unbounded from below directions (UFB) in the effective potential, which would make the standard vacuum unstable. The avoidance of these occurrences imposes severe constraints on the supersymmetric parameter space. We give he...

The theory of electrodynamic space-time relativity (TESTR) is the study of the transformation of time and space between two electrodynamic inertial frames of reference, which have both inertial velocity difference and electric potential difference. It is a fundamental space-time theory of theoretical physics based on the Einstein’s special theory of relativity (STR), the electric potential limi...

Stimulated scattering induced by the longitudinal electric field of a pump wave is studied theoretically for the case of dense, relativistic electron beams traveling in cylindrical metal waveguides, Two processes are examined. In one, the pump wave decays parametrically into a slow and a fast space charge wave. In the other, it decays into a slow space charge wave and a TM wave of the guide. Th...

We report that silicon shows large positive magnetoresistance (MR) between 0 and 3 T more than 1,000 per cent at 300 K and 3,000 per cent at 25 K. The experiment on lightly doped silicon reveals that when the carrier density decreases below 10 cm the MR becomes pronounced due to the space-charge effect. We propose that the quasi-neutrality breaking of the space-charge effect can introduce elect...

A general prescription is presented to address a large variety of forms of the nonlinear dependence of the static charge mobility on the applied electric field. The system consists of a classical charge subjected to an arbitrarily strong steady state electric field and to a stochastic potential consisting of a linear superposition of an unlimited number of dichotomous potentials in one-dimensio...

A multiple-image method is proposed to approximate the reaction-field potential of a source charge inside a finite length cylinder due to the electric polarization of the surrounding membrane and bulk water. When applied to a hybrid ion-channel model, this method allows a fast and accurate treatment of the electrostatic interactions of protein with membrane and solvent. To treat the channel/mem...