An AlxGa1-xN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas structure with x = 0.13 deposited by molecular beam epitaxy on a GaN layer grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy on a sapphire substrate was characterized. Hall effect measurements gave a sheet electron concentration of 5.1x10 cm and a mobility of 1.9 x 10 cm/Vs at 10 K. Mobility spectrum analysis showed single-carrier transport and negligible...

Three-parameter lognormal distribution has been demonstrated for applications in electromigration data analysis, especially for Cu interconnect structures with insufficient redundancy. Examples are given on estimating parameter values from experimental data using the maximum likelihood method. Detailed analyses are presented on confidence bound estimations of the parameters and their propagatio...

A citations analysis Purpose of this paper This paper addresses the question: should the world s top universities be led by top researchers, and are they? Design / methodology / approach The lifetime citations are counted by hand of the leaders of the world s top 100 universities identified in a global university ranking. These numbers are then normalised by adjusting for the different citation...

The authors develop a framework that incorporates projected profitability of customers in the computation of lifetime duration. Furthermore, the authors identify factors under a manager’s control that explain the variation in the profitable lifetime duration. They also compare other frameworks with the traditional methods such as the recency, frequency, and monetary value framework and past cus...

To improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 , a series NiO–TiO nanotubes (NTbs) is prepared by impregnating in solution NiCl ·6H O at different concentrations. Self-organized are two-step anodization process. Scanning electron microscopy images show that large particle agglomerates formed for higher precursor concentrations, and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy results indicate atomic p...

This article describes the utilization of porphyrin and fullerene architectures— yielding artificial light-harvesting antenna and reaction center mimics—to tune the electronic coupling element between electron donor and electron acceptor and ultimately to affect the total reorganization energy. Most importantly, the effects that these parameters have on the rate, yield, and lifetime of the ener...

Electron energy loss spectra enable a detailed quantification of the electronic loss mechanisms in a target solid, particularly in the low-energy region dominated by plasmon excitations. Models of the electronic response in condensed-matter systems are usually derived from free-electron gas or jellium models, which commonly neglect to account for the lifetime broadening of individual plasmon an...

Limited energy is the major driving factor for research on wireless sensor networks. Clustering alleviates this energy shortage problem by reducing data traffic conveyed over the network and therefore several clustering methods are proposed in the literature. Researchers put forward their methods by making serious assumptions such as always locating single sink at one side of the topology or ma...

We demonstrate that a continuously measured microelectronic circuit, the Cooper-pair box measured by a radio-frequency single-electron transistor, approximates a quantum two-level system. We extract the Hamiltonian of the circuit through resonant spectroscopy and measure the excited-state lifetime. The lifetime is more than 10(5) times longer than the inverse transition frequency of the two-lev...

Recently, ball lightning models based on MHD force balance equation have been proposed. An upper bound for the magnetic energy for these models is presented. The possibility of weakly ionized plasma models is considered with estimates on lifetime and energy concent. The lifetime is found to be too short, if the electron-neutral and ion-neutral effective collision frequencies behaver in the usua...