Giant axons from the squid, Loligo pealei, were fixed in glutaraldehyde and postfixed in osmium tetroxide. Calcium chloride (5 mM/liter) was added to all aqueous solutions used for tissue processing. Electron-opaque deposits were found along the axonal plasma membranes, within mitochondria, and along the basal plasma membranes of Schwann cells. X-ray microprobe analysis (EMMA-4) yielded signals...

Introduction: Most martian meteorites are highly shocked, with plagioclase transformed to maskelynite or even melted and partially crystallized [1,2]. These responses to shock conditions on Mars provide clues to the nature of the ejection events for martian meteorites and to local shock conditions. Where new-to-science phases are discovered, meteoritic occurrences can also inform the study of e...

Examples of a few objects are presented, where the electron microprobe has proved that it can provide the conservator and the curator with information that will help in evaluating the authenticity of a particular art object. They will also obtain a better understanding of how an object was fabricated and what materials it was made from. The results of the analysis of paint samples, samples from...

Recent developments in analytical instrumentation have led to revolutionary discoveries in cosmochemistry. Instrumental advances have been made along two lines: (i) increase in spatial resolution and sensitivity of detection, allowing for the study of increasingly smaller samples, and (ii) increase in the precision of isotopic analysis that allows more precise dating, the study of isotopic hete...

In this study PbTiO 3 thin films were deposited using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Titanium-isopropoxide and tetraethyl-lead were used as the Ti and Pb precursors, and 0 2 was the oxidizing gas. A wide range of conditions for preparing high quality PbTiO 3 thin film were investigated. The epitaxial PbTiO 3 thin films were grown on (001) SrTiO 3 substrates at a growth temperature of...

Monazite grains from Nepal and Vietnam were compositionally analyzed with an electron microprobe and dated (Th–Pb) with an ion microprobe. Five sources of uncertainty explain age distributions from single samples that appear inconsistent with a single population: (1) Pb loss due to diffusion, (2) dissolution/reprecipitation reactions along a retrograde path, (3) analytical uncertainties, (4) an...

Carbonate-substituted hydroxylapatite is the inorganic component in bone. The nanometer size of bone crystallites and their interweaving with subequal volumes of collagen fibrils make the chemical analysis of the bone mineral extremely difficult. The few chemical analyses that are available commonly were made on ashed bone, which, in addition to mineral, also includes chemical residues of colla...

Petrography: The interior of the stone consists of relatively small (mean grain size 1.6 mm), angular olivine grains (~73 vol%) in an iron metal matrix (Fig. 1). Ferric oxides are abundant. Samples easily fragment because of the weathering and numerous, probably preterrestrial, fractures. Olivine contains numerous small (typically 50 μm diameter) inclusions, visible in the SEM, that consist of ...