An electronic-optical method is described for obtaining the phase of an arbitrary complex 2-D wavefront. The method consists of intensity detection, limiting, pulse width normalization, differentiation, dc filtering, and integration. Theoretical analyses and experimental confirmation are included. Applications of this scheme that are discussed include space variant processing, adaptive optics, ...

Australia is contributing to the next generation radio telescope, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), which will have a collecting area of one million square metres. The SKA will be a digital radio telescope that will rely on high-speed data communications for routine global electronic transmission of VLBI data and some traditional analog stages will be replaced by software-defined blocks on fast...

Electronic commerce refers to all commercial transactions based on the electronic processing and transmission of data, including text, sound and images. This involves transactions over the internet, plus electronic funds transfers and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). Onone level, electronic commercebegan in themid-1800s,when thefirst contract was entered into using the telegraph or telephone....

today, electronic banking has essential role in banking industry. challenges facing banking industry led to banks make to use electronic banking and delivery services and products throughout electronic banking. moreover, they are trying to understand their customers' needs and everyday increase service quality throughout electronic banking. this research tries to investigate effect of cust...

developing of mobile technologies in the field of health create a new branch of e-health called mobile-health. the goal of this study is evaluation of communications infrastructure for mobile-health. for this purpose, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used for modeling and ranking the criterions and applications. three main criteria in mobile communication network namely, data transmission, a...

Valence electron energy-loss (VEEL) spectroscopy was performed on six ceramic materials in a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Quantitative analysis of these data is described yielding access to the complex optical properties and the electronic structure of the materials. Comparisons are made on the basis of the interband transition strength describing transitions betw...

This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of communication and video system for a multi-legged subsea robot which can work in shallow and strong tidal current and high turbidity environment by crawling sea floor. The design keys are hierarchical network structure based on Gigabit Ethernet and full digital video transmission. Especially, the digital video transmission can minimiz...