Since January 2020, European countries have implemented a wide range of restrictions to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet governments also democratic compensators in order offset negative impacts restrictions. This article aims account for variation their use between Belgium, Netherlands and France. We analyse three drivers: strength counterpowers, ruling parties’ ideological leanings politica...

This work studies an innovate working hydraulic system design for mobile applications, referred to as flow control. The fundamental difference compared to load sensing systems is that the pump is controlled based on the operator’s command signals rather than feedback signals from the loads. This control approach enables higher energy efficiency since the pressure difference between pump and loa...

This study describes the importance of attenuator scatter in the construction of compensators. The attenuator used in this study was Lipowitz metal, commonly referred to as cerrobend. Linear attenuation coefficients of cerrobend were measured in air for different thickness of cerrobend sheets and different field sizes for a 6-MV photon beam. The magnitude of the dose contribution from photons s...

The discrete-time optimal projection equations for systems with white parameters are strengthened. For the class of minimal ms (mean square) stabilizing compensators the strengthened discrete-time optimal projection equations are proved to be equivalent to first-order necessary optimality conditions for optimal reduced-order dynamic compensation of systems with white parameters. The conventiona...

This paper presents a review of the main dead-time compensators (DTC) described in literature. The paper analyses the basic Smith predictor (SP) showing its advantages and drawbacks. DTC structures designed to improve closed-loop characteristics and to control unstable systems are described. The paper concludes with some recommendations for designing dead-time compensator controllers. r 2007 El...

The design of a feedforward compensator for robust H1 or H2 performance under structured uncertainty is considered. For linear time-invariant uncertainty, a convex method based on linear matrix inequalities (LMI’s) across the frequency variable is given. For nonlinear or time-varying perturbations and H1 performance, the design problem is reduced exactly to a state-space LMI, and extensions to ...

In this paper performance analysis of various hybrid reactive power compensators (RPC’s) at the inverter AC sides of a line commutated converter (LCC) based multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) transmission system, feeding weak AC networks, is carried out to thoroughly gather the mechanisms of interactions between an HVDC system and weak AC systems. The hybrid compensator is realized by equally mixing th...