BACKGROUND Hydrocele and elephantiasis are 2 clinically very diverse and often mutually exclusive chronic manifestations of human bancroftian filariasis. Plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a major angiogenic factor, and tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) that regulate host inflammation have been associated with development of chronic filariasis, although their genetic basis are not know...

Abdominal elephantiasis is a rare entity. Abdominal elephantiasis is an uncommon, but deformative and progressive cutaneous disease caused by chronic lymphedema and recurrent streptococcal or Staphylococcus infections of the abdominal wall. We present 3 cases of patients with morbid obesity who presented to our hospital with abdominal wall swelling, thickening, erythema, and pain. The abdominal...

Muitmalen Aji Moplah, Mussulman, aged 27 years, was admitted into the Calicut Civil Hospital, Malabar, August 12th 1873, with a scrotal tumour of enormous dimensions, reaching to within three inches of the ground as the man stood erect, fifteen years in growth. Patient's statement.?The tumour commenced in the scrotum, noticeable at first by a slight thickening of its coats, afterwards increasin...

In this study, Gracilaria verrucosa, red seaweed has been used for production of agar and bioethanol. The algae harvested at various time durations resulted in extraction of ~27-33% agar. The leftover pulp was found to contain ~62-68% holocellulose, which on enzymatic hydrolysis yielded 0.87 g sugars/g cellulose. The enzymatic hydrolysate on fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced e...

We wounded Pocillopora verrucosa to simulate injury caused by fish corallivores, and then evaluated impacts of this damage on coral performance under different temperatures (26.6 and 29.6°C) and flow speeds (6 and 21 cm s–1) in microcosms. Colony growth (weight), photosynthetic efficiency (maximum dark-adapted quantum yield of PSII, Fv/Fm [where PSII is Photosystem II, Fv variable fluorescence ...