The luminescence associated with an absorption band at about 3.0 eV in chalcogen-doped TlCl has been observed. The temperature and pressure coefficients of the positions of the absorption and emission peaks have been found to have "anomalous" negative signs. The temperature coefficient of the absorption peak is dominated by the effect of thermal expansion, the band shifting toward the blue as t...

Carbon sources and sinks as a result of land use and land cover changes (LUCC) are significant for global climate change. This paper aims to identify and analyze the temporal and spatial changes of land use-based carbon emission in the Hubei Province in China. We use a carbon emission coefficient to calculate carbon emissions in different land use patterns in Hubei Province from 1998 to 2009. T...

An experiment is described which has permitted direct measurement of the effects from coupling out-of-band emission through the third-order intermodulation product into the astronomical band of interest, as a function of the degree of compression of a front-end amplifier. The coupling was measured by injecting a 1545 MHz tone into four of the VLA’s FE amplifiers, and measuring the phase and amp...

Emission and absorption properties of indocyanine green (ICG) in Intralipid solution have been investigated. The study is focused on relatively low ICG concentration at a range of 0 to 20 microM. A diffusion model was used to analyze the emission properties of ICG solution at different concentrations. In the low-concentration region, the emission strength increases with the concentration of ICG...

An integrated theoretical model has been developed to predict the entire range of emission from thermionic to field emission, including the mixed emission regime. The model assumes a Sommerfeld free electron model supply function, for which the Fermi-Dirac distribution applies with a nonzero temperature. The electron transmission coefficient is calculated in one dimension using a transfer matri...

An alternative measure of x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) called inverse partial fluorescence yield (IPFY) has recently been developed that is both bulk sensitive and free of saturation effects. Here we show that the angle dependence of IPFY can provide a measure directly proportional to the total x-ray absorption coefficient, µ(E). In contrast, fluorescence yield (FY) and electron yield (E...

The accuracy of secondary-electron emission coefficients, that are used as input data of discharge models, seriously influences the calculated discharge characteristics. As it is very difficult to consider all possible electron emission processes of a cold cathode separately, in most of the recent models an apparent secondary coefficient gamma is applied, which is often assumed to be constant, ...

UNLABELLED We evaluated a commercial positron emission mammography (PEM) camera, the PEM Flex Solo II. This system comprises two 6 x 16.4 cm detectors that scan together covering up to a 24 x 16.4 cm field of view (FOV). There are no specific standards for testing this detector configuration. We performed several tests important to breast imaging, and we propose tests that should be included in...

The volatile organic compound (VOC) emission rates of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were measured from trees growing in a natural forest environment at two locations in Finland. The observed total VOC emission rates varied between 21 and 874 ng g−1 h−1 and 268 and 1670 ng g−1 h−1 in southern and northern Finland, respectively. A clear seasonal cycle was detected with high emission rates in e...

To find the key impact factors of CO2 emissions to realize the carbon intensity target, this paper examined the impact factors of population, economic level, technology level, urbanization level, industrialization level, service level, energy consumption structure and foreign trade degree on the energy-related CO2 emissions in Guangdong Province, China from 1980 to 2010 using an extended STIRPA...