The influent type of organic matter (dissolved or particulate) on the characteristics of two subsurface wastewater infiltration systems (SWISs) was investigated. One of the SWISs was fed with dissolved organic matter (glucose, assumed to be readily biodegradable) and the other with particulate organic matter (starch, assumed to be slowly biodegradable). Results showed that both biofilm growth a...

Clogging of the leachate collection system (LCS) has been a common operation problem in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills in China, which can result in high water levels that threaten the safety of landfill operations. To determine the cause of failure in an LCS, raw leachate from a municipal solid waste transfer station was collected and the high content of particulate matter was character...

INTRODUCTION Clogging of the pore-space is the primary cause of efficiency reduction and aging of wastewater treatment devices such as sand filters and subsurface flow constructed wetlands (US EPA 2000; Langergraber et al., 2003; Kadlec and Wallace, 2009). Significant efforts have been undertaken to study and understand the mechanisms leading to clogging and to design solutions to alleviate its...

In MANET, mobile nodes communicate with each other using the wireless channel where transmission takes place with significant interference. The wireless medium used in MANET is a shared resource used by all the nodes available in MANET. Packet reserving is one important resource management scheme which controls the allocation of bandwidth among multiple flows through node cooperation in MANET. ...

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the radionuclides and radiochemical impurities included in radiosynthesis processes of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. METHODS Target materials and PET tracers were produced using a cyclotron/synthesis system from Sumitomo Heavy Industry. Positron and γ-ray emitting radionuclides were quantified by measuring radioactivity decay and using the high-purity Ge d...

One key factor that limits resolution of single-molecule superresolution microscopy relates to the localization accuracy of the activated emitters, which is usually deteriorated by two factors. One originates from the background noise due to out-of-focus signals, sample auto-fluorescence, and camera acquisition noise; and the other is due to the low photon count of emitters at a single frame. W...

we propose a new generation of unbiased (bias-free) antenna-less cw thz photomixer emitters array made of asymmetric msm gratings with subwavelength pitch, operating in optical near-field regime. we take advantage of the size effects in near-field optics and electrostatics to demonstrate the possibility of enhancing the thz power by four orders of magnitude, as compared with a similar array of ...

We investigate clogging in depth filtration, in which a dirty fluid is ‘‘cleaned’’ by the trapping of dirt particles within the pore space during flow through a porous medium. This leads to a self-generated gradient percolation process that exhibits a power-law distribution for the density of trapped particles at downstream distance x from the input. To achieve a nonpathological clogging ~perco...

We study the time until a filter becomes clogged due to the trapping of suspended particles as they pass through a porous medium. This trapping progressively impedes and eventually stops the flow of the carrier fluid. We develop a simple description for the pore geometry and the motion of the suspended particles which, together with extreme-value statistics, predicts that the distribution of ti...

We present the results of narrow-band and broad-band imaging with the Very Large Telescope ⋆ of the field surrounding the radio galaxy TN J0924–2201 at z = 5.2. Fourteen candidate Lyα emitters with a rest-frame equivalent width of > 20 Å were detected. Spectroscopy of 8 of these objects showed that 6 have redshifts similar to that of the radio galaxy. The density of emitters at the redshift of ...