Six flying fox species, genus Pteropus (four from the Philippines) were investigated using complete cytochrome b gene sequences (1140 bp) to infer their evolutionary relationships. The DNA sequences generated via polymerase chain reaction were analyzed using the neighbor-joining, parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods. We estimated that the first evolutionary event among these Pteropus speci...

Previous studies demonstrated that drug effects on the movement sequences of rats in unconditioned motor activity paradigms can be quantified by scaling measures that describe the average relationship between a variable of interest and an experimental parameter. However, rats engage in a wide variety of geometrically distinct movements that can be influenced differentially by drugs. In this inv...

We use Kashiwara’s theory of crystal bases to study plactic monoids for Uq (so2n+1) and Uq (so2n). Simultaneously we describe a Schensted type correspondence in the crystal graphs of tensor powers of vector and spin representations and we derive a Jeu de Taquin for type B from the Sheats sliding algorithm.

The study concerns how prosody, including pauses, is used to give extra weight to focused words when repeated with successively more emphasis. The analysis is based on the same three-word phrase produced in two different communicative contexts, one a dialogue interaction and one a reading-aloud situation. Results show greater adjustments in the dialogue context. When emphasis was increased, the...

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We describe an ambisonics enhancement method that increases the signal strength in specified directions at low computational cost. The method can be used in a static setup to emphasize the signal arriving from a particular direction or set of directions, much like a spotlight amplifies the visibility of objects. It can also be used in an adaptive arrangement where it sharpens directionality and...

language is the most important medium for communication among human beings to express their intensions and concepts ; and all languages possess one or more specific styles through which the author(s) can influence the addressee's and audience's souls and minds. accordingly , connoisseurs of oration arena have propounded criteria and styles to assess speech value , and they have enumerated the q...