OBJECTIVE To determine whether age of toilet training is associated with dysfunctional voiding in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared patients referred to the urologic clinics for voiding dysfunction with age-matched controls without urinary complaints. Characteristics including age and reason for toilet training, method of training, and encopresis or constipation were compared betwee...

A 19-year-old man came to the emergency room because of diarrhea of 4 weeks duration, accompanied by constipation. As background, he reported fecal incontinence with encopresis since he was 12 year-old, initially ascribed to a child psychiatric disorder. Physical examination revealed an important thinness (BMI 18,51 kg/m) and a large mass in the left abdomen, of hard consistency, mobile, and pa...

Liquid paraYn or mineral oil is a transparent, colourless, odourless, or almost odourless, oily liquid composed of saturated hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. Petroleum was used as a medicine at least 400 years before Christ. The earliest internal use of refined petroleum appears to date back to 1872, when Robert A. Chesebrough was granted a patent for the manufacture of “a new and useful p...

In this paper we analyse the problem of computing eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator by means of discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods. It results that several DG methods actually provide a spectrally correct approximation of the Laplace operator. We present here the convergence theory, which applies to a wide class of DG methods, as well as numerical tests demonstrating the t...