Several authors have recently defended the thesis that whether someone knows something can depend on actual or perceived practical factors of her situation, in addition to whether she believes it, the reasons for which she believes it, the available evidence, the truth-conduciveness of her environment, whether her faculties are reliable, and such other mundane factors on which knowledge is ordi...

To the Editors of THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY. DEAR SIRS,-I write to congratulate those responsible for the Annotation-Fees-in your Journal of July, which gives timely support to the long-established custom of doctors engaged in private practice being free to name their own fees and mnodify them to meet their patients' circumstances. As there can be little doubt that the pre-eminence o...

Julius Caesar and Cornelius Tacitus provide characterizations of early Germanic (barbarian) society around, respectively, 50 BC and 50 AD. The earlier date corresponds to expansion of Rome to the Rhine and Danube. During the subsequent century Germanic governance institutions changed in a number of ways. In particular, (1) temporary military commanders elected from the nobility gave way to stan...

The impacts of product-harm crises on other firms in the same category are complex considering the combined spillover and customer encroachment effects. With responding to both effects, non-focal companies may adjust their social media strategies to attenuate the negative influence from product-harm crises and to exploit the benefit from their competitor’s misfortune. Using daily social media a...

Woody encroachment due to changes in climate or in the disturbance regimes (fire and herbivory) has been observed throughout the savannah biome over the last century with ecological, hydrological and socioeconomic consequences. We assessed changes in tree density and basal area and estimated changes in rain interception by the canopies across a 5-year period over a biomass gradient in Cerrado v...

Suppose you are a Marketing Manager envisioning a new product, or an Operations Manager contemplating a process improvement, or a CEO who commissioned an integrated new product development team. If our assumptions hold, our model offers you a single numerical measure, called the degree of product/process innovation, to determine your initiative’s impact on potential sales, prices, market segmen...

Most remote sensing studies in deserts focus solely on vegetation monitoring to assess the extent of desertification. However, the application of sand dune encroachment into such studies would greatly improve the accuracy in the prediction criteria of risk-prone areas. This study applies the latter methodology for tracking desertification using sand dunes in the Kelso Dunes (in Newberry-Baker, ...

This study examines a retailer’s decision to share market demand information in supply chain wherein supplier sells product with certain level of quality retailer, who then resells it the end consumer. It also considers whether should establish direct selling channel by incurring fixed entry cost compete retail channel. Although conventional wisdom indicates that retailer may voluntarily disclo...