The Hawaiian flora, because of its great isolation, high levels of endemism, known lineages, and high rates of endangerment, offers unique opportunities to explore patterns of endangerment related to phylogeny, ecological and life history traits, and geographic patterns. Nine percent of the native flora of 1159 taxa are already extinct, and 52.5% are at risk (extinct, endangered, vulnerable, or...

Two new specimens of the anatoliadelphyid metatherian Orhaniyeia nauta are described from middle Eocene Uzunçarşıdere Formation in Orhaniye Basin, north-central Turkey. These augment our knowledge dentition this taxon, revealing that P3 and p3 resemble those its sister taxon Anatoliadelphys being enlarged highly inflated, suggesting both taxa consumed a durophagous diet. The ancestral dental mo...

The highly polymorphic taxon Metrosideros polymorpha (‘ohi‘a) is the most abundant endemic tree in Hawai‘i, occupying a wide but fragmented range of habitats across Federal, State, and privately managed lands. Morphological character states of 342 herbarium specimens from the island of Hawai‘i distributed the five recognised varieties in ordinal space, but intermediate phenotypes were prevalent...

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY We developed 24 nuclear microsatellite primers from an enriched genomic library for the Pacific coastal dune endemic Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia to study the consequences of mating system differentiation, the genetics of species' range limits, and hybridization with its closest sister taxon, C. bistorta. • METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four primer pairs were...

A new species of palm-pitviper of the genus Bothriechis is described from Refugio de Vida Silvestre Texíguat in northern Honduras. The new species differs from congeners by having 19 dorsal scale rows at midbody, a bright green dorsal coloration in adults, the prelacunal scale fused to the second supralabial, and in representing a northern lineage that is sister to Bothriechis lateralis, which ...

Tyrant-flycatchers (Tyrannidae) are a taxonomically confusing bird group containing a large degree of cryptic diversity that has only recently begun to be unraveled through the application of acoustic and molecular methods. We investigated all three subspecies of the Lesser Elaenia, Elaenia chiriquensis Lawrence, across their range using sound recordings as well as nuclear and mitochondrial mar...

Zoogeographic, palaeontological and biochemical data support a Southern Hemisphere origin for passerine birds, while accumulating molecular data suggest that most extant avian orders originated in the mid-Late Cretaceous. We obtained DNA sequence data from the nuclear c-myc and RAG-1 genes of the major passerine groups and here we demonstrate that the endemic New Zealand wrens (Acanthisittidae)...

A new subspecies Seseli gummiferum Pall. ex Sm. subsp. ilgazense A.Duran, Ö.Çetin & M.Öztürk, subsp. nov. (Apiaceae) is described from Kastamonu province, Turkey. It was collected from the open Pinus sylvestris L. and Abies nordmanniana (Steven) É.Spach. mixed forest in the northern Anatolian region. An endemic apparently confined to the Ilgaz Mountain National Park, the new taxon is closely re...